Structures and Functions The Cell Structures and Functions

Protists, Fungi, Plants and Animals are examples of Eukaryotes. The Eukaryotic Cell Protists, Fungi, Plants and Animals are examples of Eukaryotes. Although they are different, each of them contain many of the same cellular components

Cellular Organelles Organelle literally means “tiny organs” Eukaryotic Cells contain cellular organelles that perform specific functions for the cell Some of those functions include: homeostasis, transport of molecules, synthesis of new molecules, and energy conversion.

The Animal Cell All animals including humans contain animal cells These cells are individually specialized for specific functions

Homeostasis Homeostasis is the process of keeping a stable internal balance within a cell or organism.

Cell Membrane Selectively permeable / semi- permeable Lipid bi-layer (2) Controls what enters and leaves the cell Found in both plant and animal cells

Vacuole Stores water, nutrients and wastes The largest organelle found in the plant cell

Lysosomes Also known as the stomach or trash can of the cell It contains the cells digestive enzymes

Transport of Molecules Certain organelles move molecules around the cell to take them to another area of the cell or to remove them from the cell

Cytoplasm A jelly-like substance that contains or holds of cell’s organelles

The Golgi Apparatus Packages proteins for export by the cell Similar to factory workers Appear as flattened sacks

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Makes steroids and regulates calcium levels Breaks down toxic substances Smooth ER acts like a factory

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves proteins through the cell Rough ER acts as delivery trucks Rough ER are covered in ribosomes

Microtubules Pass information from the nucleus to other parts of the cells Microtubules act as telephone wires

Synthesis of New molecules The main function of the cell is to produce proteins. There are many organelles that assist with this process.

The Nucleus The brain of the cell Contains all of an organisms genetic information Controls ALL cellular functions

The Nucleus Cont…… Nucleolus- the center of the nucleus contains chromosomes and makes ribosomes Nuclear Envelope- separates nucleus from the cytoplasm

Ribosomes Ribosomes make proteins which contain genetic information The ribosome is made in the nucleolus

Energy Conversion Organelles The Mitochondrion Supplies the energy needed by the cell Also known as the “power house” of the cell ATP is the cells form of energy

Chloroplast Uses light energy to make sugars (food for plants) The site of photosynthesis Contains chlorophyll which gives plants their green color

The Plant Cell Contains many of the same organelles as the animal cells Characterized by its square shape, chloroplast, and central vacuole

The Cell Wall Help plants to keep their shape and offers protection Made of cellulose, a carbohydrate

Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells Plant cells are different from animal cells in several ways. Plants have a cell wall Plant cells have chloroplast Plant cells have a large water vacuole Plant cells also are a square or rectangular shape while animal cells are round.

The Eukaryotic Cell