The Impact of Imperialism 1850-1914 Imperialism: The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the economic, political and social life of the people of that nation

Causes of Imperialism The Industrial Revolution caused a need for resources to fuel industrial production in Europe and the United States Where would these resources come from? Africa Asia Latin America

Causes of Imperialism Economic competition between European nations; new markets to sell their goods The need of European nations to add colonies to their empires as a measure of national greatness = Nationalist competition Growing racism, or the belief that one race was superior to another Because they were more technologically advanced, many Europeans and Americans felt they had the right to dominate the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America

Causes of Imperialism Social Darwinism: the idea that those who were fittest for survival and success were superior to others Because of Social Darwinism, Europeans felt they had the right and duty to bring progress to other nations Desire to Christianize the people of Asia and Africa Desire to civilize and “westernize” others

What Enabled Imperialism? Europeans’ technological superiority Machine gun Steam ships & trains Medicines telegraph Improvements in transportation to and within Asian and African colonies Medical advances, such as Quinine, which protected Europeans from foreign diseases (malaria) Disunity among ethnic groups in Africa

Forms of Imperialism FORMS OF IMPERIALISM CHARACTERISTICS Colony A country or region governed internally by a foreign power Protectorate A country with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power Sphere of Influence (China) An area in which an outside power claims exclusive trading privileges Economic Imperialism Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other government

Forms of Imperialism/ Types of Management Indirect vs Direct Control… brainstorm

Local government officials were used Limited self-rule INDIRECT CONTROL DIRECT CONTROL Local government officials were used Limited self-rule GOAL: to develop future leaders Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules Foreign officials brought in to rule No self-rule GOAL: assimilation (the process in which a minority group adopts the customs of the prevailing culture) Government institutions based only on European styles Paternalism: people governed in a fatherly way where their needs are provided for but they’re not given rights The British generally interfered less with local custons and in comparison to the French who worked to assimilate colonial people into French culture

No African leaders attended this meeting… Why might that be unfair?? Imperialism in Africa Berlin Conference, 1884-1885 European nations met to lay down rules for the division of Africa Any European nation could claim land in Africa by telling the others and showing they could control the area Europeans paid no attention to the ethnic and linguistic divisions in Africa when dividing it amongst themselves No African leaders attended this meeting… Why might that be unfair??

Imperial Empire Building

Berlin Conference

Major Influences of Queen Victoria Queen of England from 1837 to 1901 (age 18-81).   Queen Victoria is associated with Britain's great age of industrial expansion, economic progress and, especially, empire. During her reign England became a world-wide Empire with colonies on every continent. “the sun never sets on the British empire”

Major Influences of Queen Victoria Throughout her reign, Victoria maintained a sense of dignity and morality that improved the common person’s opinion of the monarchy. Victoria and her husband, Albert, used the new invention of photography to present themselves and their nine children as similar to the growing "middle class." The people ended up feeling a stronger connection with them.

Major Influences of Queen Victoria “Grandmother of Europe” By 1914, seven of Victoria and Albert's grandchildren were on European thrones: Grandsons: King of England Kaiser of Germany Granddaughters: Queen of Greece Queen of Romania Queen of Sweden Queen of Spain Tzarina of Russia

Imperialism in Asia

Imperialism Case Studies

Imperialism in China China and the Opium Wars 1839-1842 1830s – England is the world’s biggest drug trafficker Grow Opium in India Ship Opium to China: Traded for Tea and other goods. Opium addiction devastates Chinese society Chinese Opium Smokers

1839 – Lin Tse-hsu: Imperial Commissioner Sends letter to Queen Victoria Stop Opium Trade Threatened to cut off trade and expel all British China loses war – Treaty of Nanking Beginning of foreign domination of China While China avoided being outright colonized the political pressure by Brit & Western powers to gain

Imperialism in China Big Picture China avoided outright colonization but was politically pressured by the British & western powers to gain trade concessions, making China a Sphere of influence

Imperialism in India India and the Sepoy Rebellion The British government gave a company (The British East India Company - BEI) the power to become actively involved in Indian politics. Had its own soldiers and forts, and hired Indians soldiers called sepoys to protect its interests.

Distrust led to war sparked by a rumor The British were issuing troops bullets that were greased with cow and pig fat (why do they care? Think about the religious traditions of India.) Sepoys refused to use the bullets and were arrested. Included the Sikhs. An Indian religion that shares elements of Islam and Hinduism

The Sepoys lost the rebellion and Parliament transferred the powers of the BEI to the British government Queen Victoria crowned Empress of India

Imperialism in Japan Japan and American Imperialism In 1853, US Admiral Matthew Perry sailed into Tokyo Bay to ask for a trade agreement. He returned six months later with more warships for an answer and the Japanese agreed. Signed the Treaty of Kanagawa

Instead of resisting the western powers like China, Japan chose to cooperate with them. The Japanese government rapidly westernized all aspects of their society and economy with help from the West.

Impact of Imperialism in Africa POSITIVE Local warfare reduced Improved sanitation Hospitals led to increased lifespan Schools led to increased literacy Economic growth NEGATIVE Loss of land and independence Men forced to work in European owned mines and on European owned farms Contempt for traditional culture and admiration of European culture = identity problems Dividing up of Africa = artificial boundaries divided kinship groups and united rivals

Importance of the Panama and Suez Canals Decrease time and money spent on travel and trade with the colonies

During the 19th century, Egypt and Sudan were considered strategic regions for imperial powers in terms of continental and possible global control. In 1875, Britain bought Egypt's shares in the Suez Canal for £4 million, making them the largest shareholder and safeguarding the water route to India. While Britain held these until 1956, this strategic move marked the beginning of imperial Britain's control over Egypt.

Suez Canal Guess how many miles it took to get from London to Mumbai with and without the use of the Suez Canal? How much was the trip shortened by with the use of the canal? http://youtu.be/MlM1G3oaUZo

In 1909, traveling far from home still meant traveling over land or getting on a ship. This maps shows how long it would take to travel any place in the world from Berlin. The most remote place in the world, from a European perspective, was still the center of Africa. Timbuktu, in the continent’s west, is just on the edge of what was then accessible. The map also show the impact of the Suez Canal: There’s that red arm branching out towards the southeast, indication that the canal made a whole new part of the world accessible.

Panama Canal Guess how many miles it took to get from San Francisco to New York with and without the use of the Panama Canal? How much was the trip shortened by with the use of the canal