استاد مربوطه : دکتر یعقوبی پور گرد آورنده : جواد سلا جقه

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Presentation transcript:

استاد مربوطه : دکتر یعقوبی پور گرد آورنده : جواد سلا جقه IN THE NAME OF GAD ارائه درس زبان تخصصی استاد مربوطه : دکتر یعقوبی پور گرد آورنده : جواد سلا جقه

transformational leaders have the ability to motivate others by inspiring them to view their work as a part of a higher vision and accomplish goals they never believed possible (avolio, 1999; bass & avolio, 1999) (avolio, 1999; bass & avolio, 1990a ). transformational leaders motivate through appealing to the values and beliefs of followers and providing inspirational encouragements when motivation decrease.

The leader has to develop an effective means for communicating his or her vision and strategies for providing motivation on a consistent basis (Avolio, 1999 ;Bass& Avolio, 1999, 1993, 2004; Bass & Riggio, 2006) idealized influence is the ability to imaging and communicate strategies that transform organizations and their people into something better than they are today (Avolio, 1999; Bass, 1990; Bass&Avolio, 1990, 1993, 2004; Bass&Riggio, 2006 )

Transactional leadership Transformational leaders function as mediators who support the development of a shared vision and arrange goals between the employee and organization. Transactional leadership According to Avolio ( 1999), Bass (1990), BASS and Avolio (1990, 1993, 2004), and Bass and Riggio (2006), to motivate employees to engage in an exchange of effort for something of value , transactional leadership involved the use of one of three approaches :

(a) contingent reward, (b) MBE-A, or (c) MBE-P (a) contingent reward, (b) MBE-A, or (c) MBE-P . Avolio (1999) described contingent reward as a constructive method for motivating employees. With contingent reward the follower will receive upon completion of the goal. The leader allows the employee to determine the best method for accomplishing and measuring progress toward task accomplishment and openly recognizes the employee when he or she achieves the goal. INTHENAMEOFGAD transformational leaders have the ability to motivate others by inspiring them to view their work as a part of a higher vision and accomplish goals they never believed possible (avolio, 1999; bass & avolio, 1999) (avolio, 1999; bass & avolio, 1990a ). transformational leaders motivate through appealing to the values and beliefs of followers and providing inspirational encouragements when motivation decrease. The leader has to develop an effective means for communicating his or her vision and strategies for providing motivation on a consistent basis (Avolio, 1999 ;Bass& Avolio, 1999, 1993, 2004; Bass & Riggio, 2006) idealized influence is the ability to imaging and communicate strategies that transform organizations and their people into something better than they are today (Avolio, 1999; Bass, 1990; Bass&Avolio, 1990, 1993, 2004; Bass&Riggio, 2006 ) Transformational leaders function as mediators who support the development of a shared vision and arrange goals between the employee and organization .

Recent research suggested there may be empirical support for considering contingent reward as both a transformational and a transactional behavior and to be an effective means for motivating employees ( Bass, Avolio, Jung, &Berson , 2003; Goodwin , Wofford, & Whittington, 2001; Judge & Piccolo, 2004; PRABHAKAR , 2005 ) .Goodwin et al .

(2001) suggested contingent reward may be perceived as establishment of a negotiated contract between the supervisor and direct report on what rewards can be expected for specific efforts, outlining obligations of the leader , organization, and employee (Goodwin et al, 2001) In the context of transformational leadership , the use of contingent reward ma result in the employee perceiving the participative interaction as establishing a shared vision among leader , organization , and the employee.

Avolio (1999) , Bass(1990), Bass and Avolio (1990, 1993, 2004 ), and Bass and Riggio (2006) described MBE-A and MBE-P as corrective methods for managing , not motivating , employees . The MBE-A approach results in the leader assigning tasks to followers and then activety monitoring progress toward achieving the goals. The leader continually looks for deviations form the expected behavior or performance and intervenes before the follower makes errors.

. MBE-P involves the leader intervening when the follower S work product is erroneous or substandard and only taking corrective measures after he or she makes the mistakes . Research indicated these leadership methods were lessefective than transformational leadership or contingent reward(Avolio ,1999; Bass & Avolio, 2004 ; Bass, 1990a ; Bass & Avolio , 1990b ; Bass & Avolio, 1993 ; Bass & Riggio ,2006 ).

رهبران تحول گرا از توانایی بر انگیختن دیگران بوسیله ی ترغیب کردن آنها در بررسی کارشان به عنوان بخشی از بینش وبصیرت و تحقق اهدافی که احتمال انجامشان امکان پذیر نیست برخوردارند . رهبران تحول گرا حس برانگیختگی را از طریق متوسل شدن به ارزشها و عقاید طرفداران و فراهم آوردن زمینه ی تشویقهای الهام بخش . زمانی که انگیزه افراد کاهش می آید . رهبر باید وسایل کارامدی را برای بیان بینش و بصیرت خود و نیز استراتزی های خود از طریق فراهم آوردن انگیزه ای بر مبنای سازگاری ایجاد کند . )

تاثیر و نفوذ ایدآل و مناسب تاثیر و نفوذ ایدآل و مناسب .توانایی تغییر در به تصویر کشاندن ارتباط استراتزی های سازمان و افرادبه سمت چیزی بهتر از آنچه امروز می باشد نقش رهبران تحول گرا مثل واسطه گرانی است که از رشد بینش و بصیرت تقسیم شده و تنظیم اهداف بین کارمندان و سازمان حمایت می کنند. رهبری تحول گرا بر اساس دیدگا ه اولیو در سال 1999.باس 1990 .باس و اولیو در سالهای 1990.1993.2004 و باس و ریگیو در سال 2006 . به منظور بر انگیختن حس مشارکت در کارمندان در زمینه ی تبادل تلاشها . به عنوان یک ارزش.

رهبران تحول گرا متضمن استفا ده از یکی از سه نظریه زیر ند : MBE-P -3 MBE-A -2 1- پاداش احتمالی و تصادفی پاداش احتمالی را به عنوان یک روش سازنده برای بر انگیختن کارمندان بیان می کند که با این نگرش رهبر و پیروان آن بر سر آنچه که نیاز به تحقق آن دارند و آن پاداشی را که دنباله رو این نگرش در پی تحقق هدف دریافت خواهند کرد. توافق نظر دارند . رهبر به کارمند این امکان را می دهد تا بهترین روش را برای سنجش پیشرفت به سوی تحقق کار و شناسایی کارمند زمانی که او به هدفی معین می رسد را انتخاب می کند.

. تحقیق اخیر پیشنهاد داده است که ممکن است حمایت تجربی برای لحاظ کردن نگرش اول به عنوان رفتار تحول گرا و تعاملی موجود میباشد و نیز وسیله ای موثر برای بر انگیختن کارمندان باشد. طبق نظریه گودوین و همکارانش . پاداش ممکن است به عنوان برقراری قراردادی بین ناظر و گزارش مستقیم بر روی آن پاداشهایی باشد که می توان برای تلاشهایی خاص . ترسیم کردن تعهدات رهبر. سازمان و کارمند لحاظ کرد . در حیطه ی رهبری تحول گرا . استفاده از نگرش اول ممکن است به درکی از تعامل مشارکتی همانند بر قراری نگرش و بینش تقسیم شده ای بین رهبر. سازمان و

کارمند منتهی می شود. طبق نظریات محققینی همچون : اولیو (1999) کارمند منتهی می شود . طبق نظریات محققینی همچون : اولیو (1999). باس (1990). باس و اولیو (1990.1993.2004) و باس ریگیو (2006) و نظریه MBE-P , MBE-A های به عنوان روشهایی اصلاحی برای مدیریت کارمندان می باشند نه بر انگیختن آنها . نگرش ام بی ای – پی به رهبری منتهی می شود که کارهایی را به طرفداران واگذار می کند و بعد بر پیشرفت آنها به سوی رسیدن به اهداف نظارت می کند . رهبر بر انحرافات از عملکرد و مداخلات قبل از اینکه دنبال رو های آن منجر به خطایی شوند . نظارت دارد .

متضمن رهبری است که در زمانی که کارمند در انجام کارش اشتباه می کند MBE-P دخالت کند و اگر خطایی رخ داد اقدامات سازنده ای انجام دهد . تحقیقات نشان می دهد که این سبکهای رهبری . چندان موثر تر از سبکهای رهبری تحول گرا یا پاداش احتمالی و تصادفی نمی باشند.