Essentials of Sociology 7th Edition Chapter Six: Deviance and Social Control This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
Chapter Overview What is Deviance? The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective The Functionalist Perspective The Conflict Perspective Reactions to Deviance Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
What is Deviance? “It is not the act itself, but the reaction to the act, that make something deviant.” Howard Becker, 1966 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
What is Deviance? Relative Deviance What is Deviant to Some is not Deviant to Others “Deviance” is Nonjudgmental Term Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Deviance Terminology Deviance Crime Stigma Violation of Rules or Norms Violation of Norms as Laws Stigma Blemishes on “Normal” Identity Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Norms and Social Life Norms Make Social Life Possible by Making Behavior Predictable Norms Bring Social Order Social Control - Formal and Informal Means of Enforcing Norms Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Sanctions Negative Sanctions Positive Sanctions Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Explanations of Deviance Sociobiology Look for Answers Inside Individuals Genetic Predispositions Psychologists Focus on Conditions Within Individuals Personality Disorders Sociology Look for Answers Outside Individuals Social Class Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Differential Association Theory Learn to Deviate or Conform Through Group Association Families Friends, Neighbors Subculture Prison or Freedom? Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Control Theory - Inner Controls Morality Conscience Religious Principles Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Control Theory - Outer Controls Attachments Commitments Involvements Beliefs that Actions are Morally Wrong Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Labeling Theory Focuses on the Significance of Labels Labels Become Part of Self-Concept Propel Towards or Away from Deviance Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Rejecting Labels Denial of Responsibility Denial of Injury Denial of a Victim Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Rejecting Labels Condemnation of Condemners Appeal to Higher Loyalties Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Labeling Theory Embracing Labels - Outlaw Bikers The Power of Labels - Saints and Roughnecks Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Functionalist Perspective Can Deviance Be Functional? Clarifies Moral Boundaries and Affirms Norms Promotes Social Unity Promotes Social Change Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Functionalist Perspective Strain Theory Social Values Generate Crime Cultural Goals Institutional Means Strain Leads to Anomie Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Functionalist Perspective Four Deviant Paths Innovators Ritualism Retreatism Rebellion Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
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Functionalist Perspective Illegitimate Opportunity Structures Unequal Access to Institutional Means to Success Street Crime White-Collar Crime Gender and Crime Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Figure 6.1: Some States Are Safer: Violent Crime in the United States Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Conflict Perspective Class, Crime, and the Judicial System Power and Inequality Capitalist Class Working Class Marginal Working Class The Law as an Instrument of Oppression Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Reaction to Deviance Street Crime and Prisons Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
How Much is Enough? The Explosion in the Number of U.S. Prisoners Figure 6.2: How Much is Enough? The Explosion in the Number of U.S. Prisoners Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Reaction to Deviance Street Crime and Prisons The Decline of Crime Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Reaction to Deviance Street Crime and Prisons The Decline of Crime Recidivism Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
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Reaction to Deviance Street Crime and Prisons The Decline of Crime Recidivism The Death Penalty Bias Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Reaction to Deviance Legal Change Medicalization of Deviance Neither Mental nor Illness? Homeless Mentally Ill Need for More Humane Approach Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008