Cooperative Learning Classroom Instruction that Works Chapter 7: Cooperative Learning Robert J. Marzano
Research & Theory on Cooperative Learning One of the most popular instructional strategies in education 1867 W.T. Harris St. Louis, MO Allow for rapid student promotion in elementary grades
Research shows that organizing students into cooperative groups yields a positive effect on overall learning. When applying cooperative learning strategies: * keep groups small *don’t overuse this strategy *be systematic and consistent in your approach
Five Defining Elements Group processing Interpersonal and small group skills Individual and group accountability Face-to-face interaction Positive interdependence
Defining Elements Positive Interdependence A sense of sink or swim together Face-to-face interaction = Helping each other learn, applauding success and efforts). Individual and Group Accountability = Each of us has to contribute to the group achieving its goals. Interpersonal & Small Group Skills = Communication, trust, leadership, decision making, and conflict resolution. Group Processing = Reflecting on how well the team is functioning and how to function even better.
Organizing students in cooperative learning groups has a powerful effect on learning, regardless of whether groups compete with one another. Textbox
3 Guidelines for Cooperative Learning Organizing groups based on ability levels should be done sparingly. Homogenous Grouping Vs. Heterogeneous
2. Cooperative groups should be kept rather small in size.
3. Cooperative learning should be applied consistently and systematically, but not overused. Misused: tasks given to group are not well structured Overused: students not given enough time for independent practice
Using a Variety of Criteria for Grouping Student Ideas for grouping: Alpha Computer numbers Colors Deck of cards
… in conclusion Of all classroom grouping strategies, cooperative learning may be the most flexible and powerful. As the examples in this chapter illustrate, teachers can use cooperative learning in a variety of ways in many different situations.