Planning a Search Strategy Emergency PICO, Concept Boxes and Boolean Operators Presented by Sandra Kendall, Mary McDiarmid & Bailey Urso November 2016

TAAAC Library Science Program Team Leader: Sandra Kendall Ms. Kendall is currently Director of the Health Sciences Library at Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, Ontario. She received her masters degree in Library Science from the University of Toronto. Since then she has worked in corporate, public and not-for-profit libraries and has extensive business experience. She has presented at major library conferences including Internet Librarian and the Medical Libraries Association, and has published in major Canadian journals

TAAAC Library Science Program Team Trainer: Mary McDiarmid Mary McDiarmid, MISt, is the librarian at Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences in Whitby, Ontario.   Ontario Shores is a psychiatric hospital with a forensics program and serves clients from adolescents to older adults.  She has previously worked in libraries in a geriatric teaching hospital, trauma care teaching hospital, and general hospital setting.  Mary holds a Master of Information Studies degree from the University of Toronto and has received many health libraries association awards in honour of her service and contributions. Team Trainer: Bailey Urso Bailey Urso is a librarian at Health Sciences North in Sudbury, ON. She holds a Masters of Library and Information Science degree from Western University, and a Bachelor of Arts in Archaeology from Wilfrid Laurier University. Outside the library world, Bailey is a yoga instructor and a knitting/sewing/crafting enthusiast.

Online Searching at a Glance Useful terminology: Pearl Searching: find a good article aka pearl and look at the references Boolean operators: most databases allow boolean operators to narrow or broaden a search (AND, OR, NOT) Truncation: most databases use symbols such as * for truncation, e.g.,

Boolean Searching Using AND, OR, and NOT

Boolean Searching

Boolean Searching

Boolean Searching

Truncation Using * (asterisk) and ? (question mark)

Truncation

Truncation

Truncation

Truncation British and North American spellings vary. When entering textwords in search engines for international databases such as Cochrane or Medline, it is necessary to allow for the different spellings, or else some citations may be missed. Use $ or : to get all possible endings (e.g. comput:.mp. for computer, computers, computing, computed, etc.) Use # to replace exactly one character (wom#n.mp. for woman or women) Use ? to replace 0 or 1 character (labo?r.mp. for labor or labour) Examples U.S. British In OVID, enter as: anemia/anaemia etiology/aetiology gynecology/gynaecology hemoglobin/haemoglobin -e- -ae- an?emia "etiology or aetiology" gyn?ecology "hemoglobin or haemoglobin" esophagus/oesophagus fetus/foetus diarrhea/diarrhoea -e- -oe- "esophagus or oesophagus" "fetus or foetus" diarrh?ea tumor/tumour -o- -ou- tumo?r organize/organise -z- -s- organi#e counseling/counselling counseled/counselled -l- -ll- counse$ling for specific ending counsel sulfur/sulphur -f- -ph- sul#?ur fiber/fibre -er- -re- fib:

Steps to finding articles Identify the main concepts or keywords Determine the best resources Plan the search Document the search and cite Evaluate what you find

Example Topic What are the guidelines for prescribing warfarin to reduce the risk of a stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation?

Identify the main concepts The easiest way to make your question searchable is to break it up into concepts For each concept, think of as many key words/synonyms as you can A very popular method to use is PICO

Identify the main concepts PICO Method P – Population I – Intervention C – Comparison (Optional) O – Outcome

Identify the main concepts Question PICO What is the risk of a stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation? P (Population) = patients with atrial fibrillation I (Intervention) = warfarin C (Comparison) = patients not taking wafarin O (Outcome) = reduce the risk of stroke

Plan the search PICO P (Patient/Population/Problem) I (Intervention) O (Outcome) Patients with atrial fibrillation Warfarin Guidelines Reduce the risk of stroke Alternative Words (Synonyms) fibrillation, cardiac arrhythmia, arrhythmia anticoagulant, Coumadin Practice guidelines, best practices Reduce = decrease Risk = risk factors Stroke: cerebrovascular attack, CVA

Determine the best resources There are hundreds of article databases available. Which one will you use? PubMed CINAHL Cochrane Library Google Scholar

Plan the search Now you have your question and keywords. Where do you start? Each database has its own indexing system. Many have their own thesaurus or list of subject headings. If the database you are using has a thesaurus, match your keywords to the thesaurus for a more efficient search.

Plan the search For PubMEd, the indexing system is called MeSH = Medical Subject Headings (created in 1960 by a group of doctors at NLM) You can search for MeSH terms in the database PubMed

Using HINARI to Access PubMed

Before logging into the PubMed, websites, we will Login to the HINARI site using the URL http://www.who.int/hinari/ 22 August 2016

Once you are logged in to the HINARI Content page, access PubMed by clicking on Search inside HINARI full-text using PubMed. In the HINARI Portal you can access PubMed from the Content page. Click on Search inside HINARI full-text using PubMed. 22 August 2016

Note – you can open PubMed directly but, by not accessing from HINARI, you will not have the links to the HINARI full-text articles that the publishers have granted access to your institution. You only will have access to free-full text articles. 22 August 2016

Finding MESH Terms (PubMed)

Finding MESH Terms (PubMed)

Finding MESH Terms (PubMed) PICO P (Patient/Population/Problem) I (Intervention) O (Outcome) Patients with atrial fibrillation Warfarin Guidelines Reduce the risk of stroke Alternative Words (Synonyms) fibrillation, cardiac arrhythmia, arrhythmia anticoagulant, Coumadin Practice guidelines, best practices Reduce = decrease Risk = risk factors Stroke: cerebrovascular attack, CVA MeSH Terms Atrial fibrillation warfarin Guidelines as topic, practice guidelines as topic, Stroke Risk OR Risk factors

PubMed Search (HINARI)

PubMed Search

PubMed Search

PubMed

PubMed Search

PubMed Search

PubMed Search

Document the search and cite Save your searches by creating an account in each database that you use Use a citation management tool such as Zotero to export your citations from multiple databases

MY NCBI To register , add filters and use the MY NCBI options , you should directly access PubMed using the following address: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed From the PubMed display , you will see the MY NCBI/Sign in box. Click on this MY NCBI box to Register. Note: if you try registering from HINARI/PubMed, HINARI blocks you from returning after working in MY NCBI. The ‘My NCBI’ feature allows you to set-up filter tabs in your display area, save searches, and set-up automatic email alerts to new articles added to PubMed. To register, click on the Register link in the ‘ My NCBI’ box on the top-right side of the webpage. A registration form will then open in a new window. Note: You will need to register only once and, after that, use the [Sign In] option. You will need to carefully follow the instructions in the next four slides.

You will be directed to the MY NCBI Sign In page You will be directed to the MY NCBI Sign In page. To register for MY NCBI, click on the Register for an account link. If you are already registered, you can click on MY NCBI Sign In.

You now have to fill in a short Registration page. Select a Username and a Password plus enter your E-mail address. Make sure this is written down for future reference. You also will need to set up a Security Question in case you forget your password.

For the 5 character image, enter this literally including capitals For the 5 character image, enter this literally including capitals. When the form is complete, click on Create account. Reminder: Make sure you write down your Username and Password.

For the 5 character image, enter this literally including capitals For the 5 character image, enter this literally including capitals. When the form is complete, click on Create account. Reminder: Make sure you write down your Username and Password.

Open a similar confirmation e-mail from My NCBI Open a similar confirmation e-mail from My NCBI. Click on the blue hypertext link to activate the new account..

To access My NCBI, you will need to Sign In with your Username and Password. Note: This is the process once you have registered and want to return to your My NCBI account.

To Sign in directly to NCBI, enter your NCBI Username and Password in the boxes and click on Sign in.

After signing in to My NCBI, the PubMed Search page will display your name and also give you a Sign Out option. To go to the MY NCBI page, click MY NCBI logo.

This is the MY NCBI page and includes many options that we will discuss – 1st Filters. Filters allow My NCBI users to identify sets of articles within search results. Open the Filters section by clicking on the Manage Filters. Make sure you keep the Filters for PubMed option.

My NCBI gives you the option to save or cancel the specific search My NCBI gives you the option to save or cancel the specific search. In this case, save the search. By saving this search, you can receive emails that list new citations on this subject.

The green check box notes the Save Search successful outcome The green check box notes the Save Search successful outcome. Next, click on the Yes, please button and Save. The following screen will be displayed.

My NCBI has confirmed that this search was saved My NCBI has confirmed that this search was saved. You now have the option to receive email updates or not receive updates (about the new articles published on this search topic). In this case, the email updates options chosen are: ‘Yes, please…Weekly’ on Saturday in the Abstract format (vs. text or MEDLINE) and receive 50 items. Select the options you want and click on the Save button.

When you return to the My NCBI page, you can see a list of the saved searches in the Saved Searches box. You can re-run a search by clicking on the title of the search. You also delete the search by clicking on Managed Saved Searches. The number of searches you can create is significant although you will end up receiving a considerable number of email messages.

Notes We have used regular PubMed to register and add the filters to your MY NCBI account. When want to make changes to your MY NCBI profile or add/save more searches, you must go to regular PubMed and open your MY NCBI account. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/)

Evaluate what you find To evaluate a journal article look for: Purpose of Article: Why was the article written? To: persuade the reader to do something? inform the reader? prove something? Type of Journal: For college-level term papers, information should be obtained mostly from scholarly journals. Organization and Content: Is the material organized and focused? Is the argument or presentation understandable? Is this original research, a review of previous research, or an informative piece?

Evaluate what you find Bias (of the publisher) Date of Article Bibliography Usefulness: Is the article relevant to the current research project? Authority/author: Is the author an expert in this field? Where is the author employed? What else has he/she written? Has he/she won awards or honors?

Evaluate what you find Coverage: Does the article cover the topic comprehensively, partially, or is it an overview? Audience: For what type of reader is the author writing? Illustrations: Are charts, graphs, maps, photographs, etc. used to illustrate concepts? Are the illustrations relevant? Are they clear and professional-looking? (Colorado State University Libraries, http://lib.colostate.edu/howto/evaljrl.html, Accessed 25/10/2016)

To Find Anaesthesia Books or Journals Select View complete list…..

Select Subject Select Surgery from drop down list of topics.

We will look at some of the Taylor & Francis e-books We will look at some of the Taylor & Francis e-books. The first way to access these titles is via the Books collection A-Z list. We have opened the Books collection B Accessible Content list and identified two titles. 17 July 2016

Now displayed is the initial page of the Behavior, Health and Aging that includes the citation information for the book. We will click on the green Access icon. 17 July 2016

Questions/Comments?