6.1-2 Review

Corn Leaf Tissue Organ: Leaf Organ system: Shoot How do these cells contribute to the survival of the organism? These cells bring necessary substances into the plant and deliver food to all cells for cellular respiration, and water for photosynthesis. Without them, the plant would not have any energy supply for processes

Corn Leaf Questions Is this specimen taken as the side (cross-section of the leaf) or as a section of the bottom of the leaf? From the side. It is a cross-section How many types of cells do you see? Many, 8 or 9 What structures carry water to the leaf? Label them. Xylem cells transport water from roots to leaf What structures bring carbon dioxide into the leaf for photosynthesis? Label them. Stomata What structures move food from the leaf to other areas in the plant? Label them. Phloem moves glucose (food) to other parts of the plant

Root Hair Tissue Organ: Root Organ system: Root How do these cells contribute to the survival of the organism? They access the tiny droplets of water in the soil to get the needed water for photosynthesis into the plant.

Root Hair Questions Since most plants already have large root systems, what function do the root hairs serve? The root hairs extend the roots and fit into tiny spaces in the soil to absorb water Root hair cells only survive two to three weeks before they need to be replaced. Why do you think they have such a short life span? (Hint: think of their position on the plant) They have wear and tear by growing in between the rough particles of soil.

Flower Bud Tissue Organ: Flower Organ system: Shoot How do these cells contribute to the survival of the organism? They ensure that the plant has offspring to continue the survival of the species.

Flower Bud Questions Describe the structure(s) on the microscope slide that are the stamen. The many spotted circles are the stamen What evidence do you have that these are the stamen? (support your claim) The stamen are around the central pistil, and they contain the tiny pollen grains for reproduction

Epithelial Tissue (Cheek cells) Organ: Skin Organ system: Integumentary (protects body from damage) How do these cells contribute to the survival of the organism? Without the moisture of mucus, we would not be able to properly swallow and digest food.

Epithelial Questions What function does the mucin provide, and how? They produce mucus, which keeps the mouth moist. Mucin is a protein secreted from the epithelial cells and it combines with saliva from the salivary glands. Cheek cells only survive 24 hours before they need to be replaced. Why do you think they have such a short life span? They experience a lot of wear and tear from chewing

Lung Tissue Organ: Lung Organ system: Respiratory How do these cells contribute to the survival of the organism? These cells make sure that oxygen enters the bloodstream so that cellular respiration happens in the cells, and they get carbon dioxide out of the bloodstream so that dangerous amounts don’t build up.

Lung Questions What other structures work with the lungs to allow many animals to take in the oxygen they need and to remove carbon dioxide? Bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli are parts of the lung needed to exchange gases with the bloodstream How does smoking cigarettes or air pollution affect these tissues? Particles in the bronchioles and alveoli can build up and prevent gas exchanging with the bloodstream

Smooth Muscle Tissue Organ: Various: intestine, stomach diaphragm, blood vessels, etc. Organ system: Various: digestive, respiratory, circulatory Since you cannot control these muscles, could the human body survive without these cells? Why or why not? No. We depend on them to continue life processes without our awareness or control, for example when we are sleeping, or focused on other activities

Smooth Muscle Question These involuntary smooth muscle cells contract and relax and can be found throughout your body. They often aid other body structures with their movements. Where would this type of muscle cell be useful and most likely found in the human body? The stomach and intestines contain smooth muscle so that they squeeze your food without you having to control it. The diaphragm is also smooth muscle involved with breathing. The blood vessels contain smooth muscle and they squeeze the blood along it’s route.

Skin Tissue Organ: Skin Organ system: Integumentary How do these cells contribute to the survival of the organism? Without skin, our other organ systems would dry out and not work.

Skin Questions How does the skin aid other structures inside the body? It helps regulate our body temperature, and holds sensory nerve cells for feeling. The skin protects all the inside structures of the body from harmful invaders. As new cells are made in the epidermis, they slowly push their way up to the surface where they die. This means that the outermost layers of the epidermis are composed of dead skin cells. What function do you think these cells serve, even though they are dead? They provide a waterproof barrier and prevent harmful substances from penetrating the surface.

Artery and Vein Tissue Organ: Blood vessels Organ system: Circulatory How do these cells contribute to the survival of the organism? The vessels are the pathway for oxygen, glucose, and other necessary nutrients to be delivered to each cell for performing their necessary life functions.

Artery and Vein Questions How do muscle cells help veins and arteries perform their functions? Smooth muscle cells in the arteries squeezes to move blood throughout the body What would happen if a vein or artery became blocked? What effect, if any, would it have on the organism? If there is a blockage, blood cannot deliver oxygen to the cells, or carry other substances where they need to go.

Anaylsis Though these cells are all different, what similarities did you notice among them? The cells all have membranes and organelles within them. They are grouped closely together, often with other types of cells, to form the tissue that was on the microscope slide. Could one of these cells survive on its own? Why or why not? No, all of these cells are from multicellular organisms, and the cells work together to keep the organism alive. Each cell is specialized to complete only certain jobs to keep the organism alive. Alone, the cell does not have the ability to survive like a unicellular organism does. The body plans of most multicellular organisms are organized into different levels, starting with the smallest level, the cell, and working up to the largest level, the organism. List the levels of organization between the cell and the organism. (HINT: Think of how a human body is organized, starting with the smallest level, the cell) Smallest CELL TISSUE ORGAN ORGAN SYSTEM Largest ORGANISM