Timelines Terms to learn and understand Calendars Century Millennium BC, BCE, Zero, AD, CE

Time Terms Decade: 10 years

Century: 100 years Cent is a Latin word for 100 Metric measurement centimeter Remember there are 100 cents in a dollar.

Millennium: 1000 years In metric measurement: millimeter

Sources of history Primary Sources Secondary Sources Oral Tradition Artifacts

Primary Sources: An informational source from the time of the event Autobiographies Diaries Documents Eyewitness accounts Film footage Laws Letters Newspaper articles Novels Objects from the time Oral histories Photographs Poems, art, music Speeches

Why do we use primary sources in history? No bias, no viewpoint Only your interpretation Can give additional information Materials Textures Printing methods Technologies

What is going on in this photo? What questions does it raise?

This is a photo of a family funeral in North Dakota in the 1890s This is a photo of a family funeral in North Dakota in the 1890s. I talk about what I was curious about when I look at this photo. First question that occurs to me – Who is in the casket? How did that child die? Epidemic? Starvation? Wolves?  Then, who is in this family? Why so many kids? How isolated is the family?

Does a Primary Source have to be the original material? No – it can be in another form, but it can’t be edited or interpreted in any way. For example, Patrick Henry’s “Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death!” speech can be found in 100 Key Documents in American History

Secondary Sources: An informational source that analyzes the event. These sources often use several primary sources to compile the information. Biographies Encyclopedias History books Textbooks

Beware of Bias! Is it possible for a Secondary Source to be completely objective?

Oral Traditions stories, songs, and poems about the history and heritage of a people that are passed from generation to generation by word of mouth Examples: myths, legends, folk lore

Artifact A man made object

Calendar What are they?

Calendar A calendar is a system of organizing units of time for the purpose of reckoning time over extended periods. They serve as a source of social order and cultural identity There are about 40 calendars used in the world today

Time Basis Day: based on the rotation of the Earth on its axis Year: based on the revolution of the Earth around the Sun Month: based on the revolution of the Moon around the Earth

Timelines Why do we use timelines?

A calendar of events to make it easy to visually see the order in which events occurred To be able to relate events with cause and effect occurrences.

BC and AD B.C. means time period Before Christ AD (Anno Domini) Latin for “In the Year of the Lord”

CE and BCE Some people want to avoid the reference to Christ and use the following abbreviations BCE: “Before the Common Era” or “Before the Christian Era” CE: “Common Era” or “Christian Era”

AD or CE BC or BCE 100 100 200 200 The numbers get larger the further they are from zero

What do you do first to make a timeline? First draw a line

2. Figure out how to evenly divide the line into time spaces

3. Place numbers at the spaces 0 2 4 6 8 10 1 3 5 7 9 11

3. …or date years at the spaces 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

4. Add events within time line. Moved back To Ft. Wayne Learned to walk Got a puppy For my birthday, Rover! New baby Brother, Gabe Learned to swim 0 2 4 6 8 10 1 3 5 7 9 11 Moved to Florida Started Middle school Rode bike without training wheels New baby sister, Molly On swim team

Timelines _____/10 Include 10 dates and descriptions from life _____/ 5 Dates need to be placed in order from earliest in life to most recent occurrences _____/ 5 Dates must be spaced to scale (see example) _____/20 Total score possible