Supporting victims of human trafficking: the context of trafficked people from the Western Balkans to the UK Gayle Munro May 2017

National Referral Mechanism (NRM) support context (& research) Voluntary return context Support needs Return and repatriation Structure

National Referral Mechanism context 45 days (minimum) support 2-stage decision process by a Competent Authority Reasonable Grounds (5 days) Conclusive Grounds (45 days) National Referral Mechanism context

Research Support needs of male victims Experiences of trafficking victims in asylum-seeker accommodation Models of accommodation for victims Areas of good practice in the move into independent living Return and repatriation: mix of interviews and focus group Research

Voluntary return context Differences in understandings: ‘The third category of enforced removals is known as ‘voluntary departures’ which involve people against whom enforced removal has been initiated. (The term “voluntary” describes the method of departure rather than the choice of whether or not to depart.)’ (Migration Observatory, 2016) Voluntary return context

Number of those supported (by top ten nationalities) (July 2015 – June 2016) Nationality Number supported Number returned to country of origin % of returnees of total supported Albanian 295 3 1% Nigerian 137 2 Polish 52 40% Vietnamese 109 - Romanian 106 39 37% [British] 44   Eritrean 40 Chinese 37 Slovak 34 15 44% Sudanese 33

Support needs 91% men and 71% of women were destitute Main support requirements for men: accommodation, subsistence, employment, clothing 30% more women than men required counselling/ emotional support at initial assessment 36% men requested support finding employment (compared with 2% of women) Support needs

Return and repatriation Reported reasons around low take-up of return schemes Partnering organisations (in country of origin) Eligibility Implications for the future Return and repatriation

Email: g.munro@ucl.ac.uk Twitter: @gayle_munro