Leader of the CCP, Red Army, and Chairman of Communist China 1949-1976 Mao Zedong Leader of the CCP, Red Army, and Chairman of Communist China 1949-1976

The Life of Mao Zedong: Childhood 1875 1893 1907 1910

The Life of Mao Zedong: School Years 1911 1913 1919 1920

The Life of Mao Zedong: Political Involvement & early days of the CCP 1921 1923

“Power comes from the barrel of a gun”

The Life of Mao Zedong: Revolutionary 1925 "Revolution is not a dinner party, nor an essay, nor a painting, nor a piece of embroidery; it cannot be so refined, so leisurely and gentle, so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and noble. A revolution is an insurrection, an act of violence by which one class overthrows another." — Mao, February 1927

The Life of Mao Zedong: CCP Leadership 1927 1928 1929 Mao in 1927: his “political coming-of-age”

Mao as Red Army leader Mao’s Six-Step Plan for Revolutionary Warfare Mao on Guerrilla Warfare “The enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy halts, we harass; the enemy tires, we attack; the enemy retreats, we pursue.” Setting up base areas Organization phase Defending the bases Guerrilla phase Protracted war Seizing power

1934: The Long March

1935: United Front & Sino-Japanese War

Mao liked to rule from bed; often summoning his colleagues from their own beds in the middle of the night

Swimming in the Yangtze

1945: Breakup of the United Front & 2nd Stage of Chinese Civil War

Mao as Leader of China 1946 1949

Mao as Leader of China

Mao as leader of China https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4kCTxcZX90

1951: Three Anti-Campaign Goal: rid urban areas of corruption by targeting wealthy capitalists and political opponents Three “antis:” Corruption Waste Bureaucracy Aimed at members within the CCP, former GMD members and bureaucratic officials who were not party members. Became an all out war against the middle/upper classes  “Do not be corrupted by capitalist thinking!”

Agriculture/Industrial Reform 1953: First Five-Year Plan Goal: End Chinese dependence on agriculture by introducing industrialization (success…kind of…) 1958: End to private ownership = Forced collectivization & “Great Leap Forward”

Great Leap Forward 1958-1963 Goal: rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a communist society through rapid industrialization and collectivization The hope was to industrialize by making use of the massive supply of cheap labor and avoid having to import heavy machinery.

Realize the simultaneous development of industry and agriculture – People’s Communes are Good (1960)

The communes are good, the people are numerous, the natural resources abundant, it is easy to develop a diversified economy (1960)

Rapid Industrialization Mao saw grain and steel as main source of economic development 1958: steel production would double each year 21 million jobs added (urban population swelled) Produced in backyard steel furnaces Material shortages and no increase in output By 1961, a looming deficit caused Mao to cut funding by 82% Countryside residents were often forced to work at night to produce steel

Great Leap Forward “Coercion, terror, and systematic violence were the very foundation of the Great Leap Forward" and it "motivated one of the most deadly mass killings of human history.” Dutch Historian & author of Mao’s Great Famine, Frank Dikötter

Effects of the Great Leap Forward Increased oppression due to enforcement by struggle sessions, torture & forced labor 30-45 million deaths 1960: The Great Chinese Famine Failure caused Mao to initiate the Cultural Revolution in 1966

Mao as Leader of China "People who try to commit suicide — don't attempt to save them! . . . China is such a populous nation, it is not as if we cannot do without a few people”

Cultural Revolution Goals: Destroy the “four olds:” old customs, old culture, old habits, old ideas Purge the “revisionists” who Mao viewed as attempting to restore capitalist/bourgeois rule

Death of Mao

Death of Mao

Mao’s Last Dancer A drama based on the autobiography by Li Cunxin. At the age of 11, Li was plucked from a poor Chinese village by Madame Mao's “cultural delegates” and taken to Beijing to study ballet. Li was politically devout; even joined the CCP’s Youth League. In 1979, during a cultural exchange to Texas, he fell in love with an American woman. Two years later, he managed to defect and went on to perform as a principal dancer for the Houston Ballet and the Australian Ballet.

It’s the season of “love” So why not express that love…. of history… It’s the season of “love” So why not express that love….of history….with a poem?!?!?!  Poem Requirements Leader Choices Must be at least five stanzas Must directly reference three (minimum) policies or actions Must be full of love!  Due Monday! 20 points! Stalin Mussolini Galtieri Thatcher Tojo Mao Ben Bella or Fehrat Abbas De Gaulle Roosevelt

Lin Biao; Mao’s chosen successor

Accounts of Struggle Sessions “... the Cultural Revolution began and I was transferred to another labor camp.... Two years after I had been in this new camp, I received a parcel from my family. Immediately, an inmate accused me of giving something out of it to another prisoner. I was dragged to the office. Without any investigation, the officer assembled the entire camp to start a struggle session against me. In the session the officer suddenly asked me whether I had committed my alleged original crime leading to my 8-year sentence. I was stunned. It then dawned on me that this session was in fact prearranged. The parcel was only a pretense. Their real motive was once again to force me to admit all my alleged crimes. "I did not commit any crimes," I asserted firmly. Immediately two people jumped on me and cut off half of my hair. The officer screamed again: "Are you guilty?" I replied firmly again, "No." Two people then used a rope to tie my hands back tightly. It was connected to a loop around my shoulder and underneath my armpits. It was knotted in such a way that a slight movement of my hands would cause intense pain. This struggle session lasted for two hours. Afterwards, they untied me and handcuffed me instead. The handcuffs became a part of me for the next one hundred days and nights....” You Xiaoli was standing, precariously balanced, on a stool. Her body was bent over from the waist into a right angle, and her arms, elbows stiff and straight, were behind her back, one hand grasping the other at the wrist. It was the position known as "doing the airplane." Around her neck was a heavy chain, and attached to the chain was a blackboard, a real blackboard, one that had been removed from a classroom at the university where You Xiaoli, for more than ten years, had served as a full professor. On both sides of the blackboard were chalked her name and the myriad crimes she was alleged to have committed.... The scene was taking place at the university, too, in a sports field at one of China's most prestigious institutions of higher learning. In the audience were You Xiaoli's students and colleagues and former friends. Workers from local factories and peasants from nearby communes had been bused in for the spectacle. From the audience came repeated, rhythmic chants.... "Down with You Xiaoli! Down with You Xiaoli!“ "I had many feelings at that struggle session," recalls You Xiaoli. "I thought there were some bad people in the audience. But I also thought there were many ignorant people, people who did not understand what was happening, so I pitied that kind of person. They brought workers and peasants into the meetings, and they could not understand what was happening. But I was also angry."

BELLWORK List four results of the CCW for China. How did the victory of the CCP affect Mao’s relationship with Stalin? How did the victory of the CCP affect China’s relationship with the US? The US viewed Stalin as the mastermind behind the CCP – to what extent do you agree with this? THINKER: TOK TIME! Read pg. 264  Can a contemporary poem or song give us a better understanding of an historical event than a contemporary diary or journalist's report?