Group-VI Review of Post Harvest Management (PHM) & Value Chain Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare

Post Harvest Losses As per recent study by CIPHET, Harvest & Post Harvest losses including losses during storage for fruits and vegetables were in the range of 5% to 16%. Stage of Post Harvest in Horticulture:- S. No. Stages Range of losses (%)   Fruits Vegetables Operations 1. Harvesting 1.68 – 5.33 0.99 – 3.16 2. Collection 0.26 - 0.42 0.04 – 0.52 3. Sorting/Grading 1.46 – 3.94 0.99 – 5.34 4. Packaging 0.09 – 0.34 0.06 – 0.38 5. Transport 0.42 – 1.91 0.51 – 1.75 Total (A) 4.12 – 11.90 3.22 – 9.41 Storage Channels 6. Farm Storage 0.01 – 0.23 0.05 - 0.66 7. Cold Storage 0.01 – 0.13 0.00 – 0.30 8. Wholesale 0.57 – 1.62 0.31 – 1.26 9. Retail 0.34 – 2.08 0.11 – 1.63 10. Processing 0.03 – 0.25 0.00 – 0.17 Total (B) 1.31 – 3.98 0.78 – 0.03 Grand Total (A+B) 6.70 – 15.88 4.58 – 12.44

Introduction Post-harvest losses (huge) -a matter of grave concern India harvested 299.85 MT of horticultural produce from 25.1 M ha 16 percent of fruits of vegetables, valued at Rs 40,811 crores PHL divided into five stages as production/harvest, post harvest handling and storage, processing, distribution and consumption Pre-harvest practices are also important

Issues discussed-reviewed Infrastructure issues Technology issues Schematic issue Intervention issues Policy issues General issues

Infrastructure bottle-necks Commodity based cold storages are to be promoted CA Storage to be promoted for temperate fruits Adequate ventilated storage facility required for onion Processable varieties of tomato, potato, onion, citrus, mango and guava needs promotion A separate portal for Horticulture produce may be developed Inadequacy of functional infrastructure in PHM for horticultural products based on production. Technology dissemination on value addition .

Cold-chain Infrastructure Gap – NABCON’s study 2015 Type of Infrastructure Infrastructure Requirement (A) Infrastructure Created (B) All India Gap (A-B) % share of Gap to Required Pack-house 70,080 nos. 249 nos. 69,831 nos. 99.6% Reefer Vehicles 61,826 nos. 9,000 nos. 52,826 nos. 85% Cold Storage (Bulk) 341,64,411 MT 318,23,700 MT 32,76,962 MT 10% Cold Storage (Hub) 9,36,251 MT Ripening Chamber 9,131 nos. 812 nos. 8,319 nos. 91% To understand the infrastructure requirement a comprehensive capacity study was undertaken in 2015, to help in planning and to rationalise the scheme

Technology Issues Need for adequate processing facilities which are capable of processing multi-commodities Technology for utilization of by-products of processing units (Grape seeds, pomegranate peel, rind of citrus, etc) Validation of technologies and chemicals for increasing shelf life of perishables, like shrink wrapping, 1-Methylcyclopropene, nano-technology Capacity building and skill development for the staff/manpower related to PHM Exposure/Organization of International Expo on PHM technologies—latest grading-packing equipments, cold storage technologies Tracking of humidity and temperature using sensors on real time basis during transportation of produce

Schematic issues Need for upward revision of assistance to Ripening chamber Unit cost for PHM components needs a revision Minimum capacity of reefer van to be reviewed to facilitate floriculture and low-volume-high- value horti-products Incentivizing FPOs for creation of PHM infrastructure Synergy with other schemes like SAMPADA of MoFPI.

Intervention Issues Use of alternate energy sources in PHM may be promoted - Solar Vending Carts, on farm cold stores. PHM/Value addition infrastructure on custom hiring basis as tried in M.P. Larger PHM infrastructure on rental model as rolled out in Haryana. PPP-IHD (Public Private Partnership Integrated Horticulture Development) model for production, marketing and PHM infrastructure as done in Karnataka & Maharashtra.

Policy Issues Development of Crop specific value addition technologies - creation of infrastructure like washing, grading, pre-cooling, packaging, traceability, branding of produce and linkages with market. Most of the equipments for PHM and value addition attract high rate of GST / or imported with high duty. Agriculture Power Tariff / preferable tariff may be applicable to PHM projects. More institutes need to be identified for testing of PHM technology (CIPHET, Ludhiana is at present the solitary institute)

General Issues: States may prepare 5 year term plan based on production, surplus availability and post harvest infrastructure. Multi-modal logistics for quickest movement of commodities with detailed production and movement plan for the region /season across the country. Crop-specific and cluster based value chain mapping for identifying gaps. Farmers-Market linkage to be given due importance . Integrated Pack House may be promoted based on clusters Pan-India demand forecast and production strategy to be evolved