Effects of Biology & cognition, and learning by observation

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Presentation transcript:

Effects of Biology & cognition, and learning by observation Module 22

Limits on Classical conditioning Some associations are stronger than others Some unintended associations are made Animal discomfort may be an element of the conditioning – (people object) big picture may actually be worth it. (Sheep/wolves & coyotes) Natural selection – (red and sex) We may associate the wrong things – if the distance between stimulus and response is too long or the response is strong – (generalization)

Limits on operant conditiioning “Never try to teach a pig to sing” We learn better and faster if it is part of our predisposition. Food and pecking vs. food and flapping wings… Movies & trained animals – inspired by Skinner Instinctive Drift – pigs pushing with snouts vs. picking up with mouth…

Cognitive learning Classical Conditioning: Acquire mental information that guides our behavior. (Even animals can learn to predict an event.) Conditioned likes and dislikes We can out-think the contrived associations. Operant Conditioning: Latent learning: (Mags tying shoes / reading) Extrinsic rewards can destroy intrinsic motivation

Observational learning Cognition is a factor – modeling (observing and imitating others) Viewing violent media Prosocial and Antisocial events Mirrors Bobo doll experiment

Can we learn by others’ experiences? Vicarious reinforcement/vicarious punishment By watching others, we can learn to anticipate the consequences of a behavior. This is especially true if we identify with the person – they are like us or admirable or successful. Prosocial – shadowing/apprenticeship/interning at work. Non-violent/helpful behaviors are “catchy” Actions and words should be consistent. Hypocrisy can also be imitated!

Anti-social observational learning… Not good! This may explain why men who abuse their wives had fathers who abused their mothers and why abusive parents have aggressive children. Television and other media – do they influence behavior? Violent video games, song lyrics, movies… This is a hugely debated topic.