Unit 7: Beyond Our Planet 6th Grade Science Unit 7: Beyond Our Planet Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD © Spring 2006, Pflugerville ISD, 6th Grade

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD Unit 7 Beyond Our Planet Chapter 20: Our Solar System Section 1: A Solar Family Section 2: The Nine Planets Section 3: Moons and Other Bodies Chapter 21: Exploring Space Section 1: Rocket Science Section 4: Living and Working in Space Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD A Solar Family Rotation is the spin of an object in space. Revolution is the motion of a body as it travels around another body in space. Chapter 20 Section 1 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD A Solar Family Cite: http://www.devastate.com/gif_list/gif_ani/e/earthrot.gif Cite: http://www.mcwdn.org/MAPS&GLOBES/Revolution.GIF Rotation/Revolution Chapter 20 Section 1 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD A Solar Family The earth travels around the sun in a path called an orbit. Cite:http://www.cs.duke.edu/courses/cps124/fall02/projects/solar/ss.jpg Chapter 20 Section 1 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Let’s Review 1. What is the difference between revolution and orbit? Chapter 20 Section 1 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD A Solar Family Revolution is the motion of one body around another, while an orbit is the path of an object as the object revolves around another object. Chapter 20 Section 1 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The Nine Planets Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The Nine Planets What Do You Think? Name the nine planets. Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The Nine Planets In 1610, Galileo Galilei realized that planets are not just points of light – they are spherical bodies like the Earth. Cite: http://www.star.ucl.ac.uk/~idh/apod/image/0110/galileo_sustermans.jpg Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The Eight Planets The solar system is divided into two main parts: Inner planets and the outer planets. Cite: http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/projects/data/KeplersLaws/images/planets.jpg: Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The Eight Planets The inner planets are called terrestrial planets because they are small, dense, and rocky like the Earth . The inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Cite: http://www.manatee.k12.fl.us/sites/elementary/palmasola/inner2.jpg Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The Eight Planets The outer planets, are much larger and are made mostly of gasses thus are called Gas Giants. The gas giants are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Cite: http://www.motivate.maths.org/conferences/conf42/Talk_images/outer_planets_small_2.jpg Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The Eight Planets Some planets rotate clockwise (retrograde rotation) while others rotate counterclockwise (prograde rotation). The planets that have a retrograde rotation are Venus, Uranus, and Pluto. Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The 8 Planets Mercury is the closest planet to the sun. A day = 59 Earth days (because of slow rotation) A year = 88 Earth days Mercury has the biggest range in surface temperatures. Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The 8 Planets Venus is more like Earth than any other planet. One way it differs, however, is that Venus has a retrograde rotation. Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The 8 Planets The only planet that is known to support life is Earth. Earth is warm enough to keep water from freezing and cool enough to keep it from boiling. Liquid water is a vital resource for life on Earth. Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD Cite: http://www.lunaroutpost.com/gallery/earth/images/earth_full_hires%20copy.jpg

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The 8 Planets Mars, the red planet, is the fourth planet from the sun. There is strong evidence that water once existed here. Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The 8 Planets Mars has the largest mountain in the solar system. The name of the mountain is Olympus Mons and it is an extinct shield volcano. Citehttp://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/planetary/mars/olympus_mons.jpg: Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Mar's surface Picture taken by the Viking lander Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD Cite: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/planetary/mars/vikinglander2-2.jpg

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The 8 Planets Jupiter is the largest gas giant. Jupiter radiates much more energy into space than it receives from the sun. Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The 8 Planets Saturn is the second largest planet. Saturn is made mostly of hydrogen and helium. Saturn has the largest rings, which are made of icy particles. Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The 8 Planets Uranus is a small giant. It may have been tipped over on its side when it was hit by a massive object. It has a blue-green color due to methane. Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The 8 Planets Neptune has a great dark spot. It’s atmosphere contains belts of visible clouds. Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The Drawph Planet Dwarf Planet: a celestial body resembling a small planet but lacking certain technical criteria that are required for it to be classed as such.. Pluto, once considered the ninth and most distant planet from the sun, is now the largest known dwarf planet in the solar system. Cite: http://www.xtec.es/centres/b7001413/imatges/pluto.jpg Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The 8 Planets Website to Visit: Determine your weight on each planet. Remember your weight is determined by the planet’s gravitational pull. What is my weight on another planet? Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD The 8 Planets Planets farther from the sun tend to have lower surface temperatures; they are space farther apart; their period of revolution is much longer; they are most likely larger and have more moons. Chapter 20 Section 2 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD Moons and Other Bodies Chapter 20 Section 3 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD Moons and Other Bodies Our moon’s name is Luna. It is about 4.6 billion years old and has numerous impact craters. The dark areas or lava plains on the moon are called marias. Cite:http://www.astrosurf.com/cidadao/moon_99_03_01.jpg Chapter 20 Section 3 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD Moons and Other Bodies Satellites are natural or artificial bodies that revolve around a larger body. Moons are natural bodies that revolve around a larger body. Chapter 20 Section 3 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD Moons and Other Bodies Asteroids are small, rocky bodies that revolve around the sun = stony or metallic Many are found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Cite: http://www.astronomynotes.com/solarsys/asteroids-label.jpg Chapter 20 Section 3 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD Moons and Other Bodies Ceres is the largest known asteroid. Cites: http://www.maiaw.com/dimetra/Dabout/Ceres.jpg Chapter 20 Section 3 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD Moons and Other Bodies Meteoroids are like asteroids but smaller. Meteorites are meteoroids that hit the ground. Meteors are the bright streaks of light in the sky. Cite: http://www.lvaas.org/gallery/2001/bus-trip/willamette-meteorite.jpg Chapter 20 Section 3 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Moons and Other Bodies Three Types of Meteorites: Stony made of rock material. Metallic made of iron and nickel. Stony-iron made of rocky material iron and nickel. Open you textbook to page 561 to look some pictures of these types of meteorites. Chapter 20 Section 3 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD Moons and Other Bodies Comets are small body of ice, rock and cosmic dust. They are also known as “snowy dirtball”. Cite:http://www.mpe.mpg.de/Pictures/x-comets.jpg Chapter 20 Section 3 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD Moons and Other Bodies Parts of a Comet: Nucleus is the solid center. Ion tail is made of electrically charged particles. Dust tail is dust debris due to the sun’s radiation. Chapter 20 Section 3 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD Moons and Other Bodies Comets orbit is elongated. The tail always blows away from the sun due to solar winds. Cite: http://www.lerc.nasa.gov/WWW/ion/past/90s/thumbs/t-borrelly.jpg Chapter 20 Section 3 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD Moons and Other Bodies Animation of a Comet Cite: http://spaceplace.jpl.nasa.gov/en/kids/comet_diagram.gif Chapter 20 Section 3 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD Moons and Other Bodies Website to Visit: Let’s look at some photos of comets : icy bodies that orbit the sun. Chapter 20 Section 3 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD

Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD Moons and Other Bodies The solar system is a large system that is made up of smaller systems, such as Jupiter’s system. Chapter 20 Section 3 Spring 2006, PflugervilleISD