Macromolecules of Life And that Means Fat Ones!

Macromolecules of Life Macro- , large Molecules, a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds. Very, very large molecules with many atoms. I mean many, mucho, atoms.

Macromolecules

Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates Compounds made of C, H and O in a 1:2:1 ratio ( C2H4O2 ) Source of energy Examples: rice, bread, tortillas, pasta, etc.

Carbohydrates Disaccharide, two sugars -saccharide = sugar Subunit: glucose, C6H12O6 Monosaccharide, one sugar Disaccharide, two sugars -saccharide = sugar

Glucose Fructose

Polysaccharides Made up of ‘many’ ( poly-) sugar molecules such as glucose. polysaccharide

Lipids Phospholipids – cell wall Steroids – cholesterol, human growth hormone Fats – butter, vegetable oil, lard Waxes – like “Mom I can’t hear, I think I’ve got some wax in my ear

Lipids Provide energy for cells Cell or plasmid membrane Pigments such as chlorophyll a & b in plant photosynthesis

Lipids Phospholipid bilayer of cell membrane:

Phospholipid bilayer of cell membrane

Phospholipid bilayer:

Proteins The subunits of proteins are amino acids, a.a. Twenty different types of a.a. Enzymes are examples of proteins Sensitive to temperature and pH

Proteins Polypeptides = Proteins Important in your body such as: hair, skin, muscles, enzymes, etc. Enzymes are important catalysts in chemical reactions. Polypeptides = Proteins

Got Protein?

Pork ( the other white meat ) Proteins: Soybeans Chicken Pork ( the other white meat ) Beef Fish

Protein Synthesis? What type of hair you have What type of muscles you have What type of skin you have How tall you are What color your eyes are

Protein Synthesis = Genetic Expression

Nucleic Acids Subunits are nucleotides Nucleotides are made up of: phosphate, sugar and N-base Store hereditary information

Nucleic Acids Ribonucleic Acid, RNA Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid, DNA Important in cell reproduction Important in protein synthesis

Nucleic Acids are made of: Phosphate molecule Sugar molecule Nitrogen base

Structure of Nucleotide

The ‘rungs’ of the DNA molecule are the N-bases. Nucleotide

Adenosine Triphosphate, ATP Known as the “Energy Currency of Cells”. By product when carbohydrates and lipids are broken down during the digestion of food Cells need ATP to live

Molecule Subunit Example Function Carb Glucose Sugar Energy Protein Amino Acid Meat Fish Body Structure Nucleic Nucleo- tide DNA, RNA Heredity

The Four Macromolecules: Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acids

The End

Eukaryotic Cells