EDTHP 115 10/28/02 This Week Continue with the Education System of the U.S. Educational Philosophies and Pioneers Schooling After the Common School Era, 1860s-1890s Education During the Progressive Era, 1890s-1940s

Actors in the U.S. Education System Students Parents and Community Teachers Principals Superintendents Chief State School Officer State Board of Education Governor President

Agencies in the U.S. System Classroom School District Intermediate District/County State Department of Education U.S. Department of Education

Philosophies of Education Idealism Realism Pragmatism Existentialism

Developing Your Own Philosophy of Education Which philosophies or theories are most similar to my own beliefs? Which element of each philosophy or theory appeals to me the most? Which element of each is least appealing? Am I comfortable with the instructional ideas suggested by a philosophy or theory?

Theories of Education Progressivism Social Reconstructionism Critical Theory Perennialism Essentialism

Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers (Part 1) [Note: we hadn’t finished this in the previous class, so we discussed and reviewed this] Comenius: First picture book for learning, the Orbis Sensualum Pictus, or The Visible World in Pictures John Locke: Introduced the concept of a child’s mind as a tabula rasa, or blank slate

Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers (Part 2) Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Revolted against the theory of child depravity, that children are inherently bad. Contended in Emile, that children, instead, are ‘noble savages,’ until corrupted by society. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi: The object lesson, a way to encourage Rousseau’s “natural education” for children in groups.

Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers (Part 3) Friedrich Froebel: Kindergarten Herbert Spencer: Utilitarian education, emphasizing practical outcomes John Dewey: Progressive education, emphasizing problem solving Jane Addams: Socialized education, with emphasis on responding to student diversity

Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers (Part 4) Maria Montessori: Montessori education, structuring the environment to accommodate children’s natural desire to work at learning Piaget: Developmentally-appropriate education, based on children’s stage of cognitive development