Tawsif Rahman University of Science and Technology 23 May,2016 Production and Analysis of the Characteristics of Bio crude-oil from Palm Kernel Shell by Fast Pyrolysis Tawsif Rahman University of Science and Technology 23 May,2016

-Introduction -Experimental method -Result & Discussion -Conclusion Content -Introduction -Experimental method -Result & Discussion -Conclusion

Introduction Pyrolysis is basically a thermal decomposition process of organic substance It needs high temperature with oxygen free environment This process produces gas, liquid and solid residue Fast pyrolysis occurs close to 500℃ and short reaction time. It is generally used to produce more liquid than gas and solid residue. Figure 1: Pyrolysis Process

Figure 2: a)cross section of palm , b) Palm Kernel Shells(PKS) Introduction Palm kernel shells (PKS) are the shell fractions of Palm nut . Commercially byproduct of Palm Oil Shells are fibrous and hard (a) (b) Figure 2: a)cross section of palm , b) Palm Kernel Shells(PKS)

Introduction Why PKS for fast pyrolysis? -Reduce the dependency on fossil fuel -Easy to collect from commercial palm oil mills -More Effective utilization than solid fuel -High energy content

Experimental Method Experimental Apparatus: Bubbling fluidized bed reactor Fluidized bed material: Sand Fluidized Medium: Nitrogen Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of KIMM Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactor

Experimental method Figure 4 : PKS after grinding and sieving Feed Preparation: Drying- Grinding- sieving Feed Size Fixed: 0.425mm to 1mm. Feed rate Fixed:200gm/hr. Duration: 1 Hour Figure 4 : PKS after grinding and sieving

Result & Discussion Four experiments were done for different reaction temperatures: Experiment 1: 465℃ Experiment 2: 490℃ Experiment 3: 525℃ Experiment 4: 560℃ Figure 5 : PKS Bio crude Oil

Result & Discussion Products at a glance: Experiment No. Reaction Temperature (℃) Oil yield (%) Char yield (%) Gas yield (%) 1 465℃ 37.07 27.15 35.77 2 490℃ 41.56 35.36 23.07 3 525℃ 30 18.04 51.95 4 560℃ 38.11 39.62 22.25

Figure 6 : Influence of reaction temperature on products Result & discussion Figure 6 : Influence of reaction temperature on products

Reaction Temperature (℃) Higher Heating value(MJ/kg) Result & Discussion Higher heating value(HHV): Changing Parameter: Reaction Temperature HHV of Raw PKS : 18.31MJ/kg Experiment No. Reaction Temperature (℃) Higher Heating value(MJ/kg) 1 465 18.59 2 490 17.42 3 525 16.51 4 560 14.96

Figure 7 :Affect of Reaction Temperature on HHV Result & Discussion Figure 7 :Affect of Reaction Temperature on HHV

Result & Discussion Energy Yield: Experiment No. Reaction Temperature (℃) Higher Heating value (MJ/kg) Bio crude Oil Yield (%) Energy 1 465 18.59 37.07 37.63 2 490 17.42 41.56 39.53 3 525 16.51 30 27.05 4 560 14.96 38.11 31.13

Figure 8: Reaction Temperature influence on Energy Yield Result & discussion Figure 8: Reaction Temperature influence on Energy Yield

Result & Discussion Proximate Analysis : Reaction Temperature (℃) Moisture (wt %) Volatile Fixed Carbon Ash 465 38.63 57.27 3.83 0.25 490 43.43 50.95 5.32 0.29 525 53.95 37.95 7.99 0.09 560 52.56 39.06 8.21 0.16

Result & Discussion Elemental Analysis: Reaction Temperature (℃) *by difference Reaction Temperature (℃) Nitrogen (%) Carbon Hydrogen Sulphur Oxygen* 465 1.12 48.79 7.00 43.08 490 2.8 45.16 7.85 44.19 525 1.02 44.62 7.97 46.37 560 0.81 40.53 8.13 50.52

conclusion Summary: Pyrolysis characteristics of PKS has been observed To get the effect of reaction temperature on whole process, other reaction parameters (feed rate, feed size) kept constant The product distribution under the influence of different reaction temperature is revealed Proximate and Elemental analysis were done to take a closer look of the oil

Conclusion Future Works: More Experiments for different reaction temperatures Comparison with other biomass and their product Change of other parameters: Feed size, feed rate Investigation of the mixture of PKS bio crude oil and other fuel

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