Typhoon Haiyan/Yolanda, 8 Nov 2014 A Case Study on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination

Super Typhoon “YOLANDA” with international name “HAIYAN” Max sustained winds of 320kph Gustiness of up to 360 kph Heavy rains Super Typhoon “YOLANDA” with international name “HAIYAN”

- 060200 NOV 13 (WED) -070200 NOV 13 (THU) - 080540 NOV 13 (FRI) - 090200 NOV 13 (SAT) - 100200 NOV 13 (SUN) YOLANDA - 081200 NOV 13 (FRI) Very strong WINDS and heavy RAINS were sustained for about four (4) hours

Context Large area affected First responders affected 4 domestic administrative layers Prepositioned relief Preparedness measures in place Disaster response law in place 20+ weather disturbances per year

Challenges Finding coordination space Finding local partners Communication Accommodation Food Staff well-being Safety and Security Health

All you can imagine 1x Pathfinder (USN Bowditch); 1x LPD (Denver);

Foreign Military Assets

Overlay with foreign military assets (FMA) Peak round 20 November ‘boots on the ground’ vs. relief FMA relief flights Mostly bilateral deployment Multinational Coordination Centre (MNCC) established in Manila

FMA overlay with UN-CMCoord Deployment 8 dedicated UN-CMCoord officers 3 emphasis Operational/capital level Logistics Tactical/provincial level

Diverse Decision Making Process Commander National Civilian Authority of the FMA HQ back home

Civil-Military Effectiveness related to military decision-making processes and the coordination strategy aiming at optimising: support to the affected population support to humanitarian needs and priorities speed of critical relief delivery and minimising: Competition & inconsistency

Request for Assistance

Capacity and Availability Multinational Military Tasking Proposed RFA Process Flow on the Use of Foreign Military and Civil Defence Assets (MCDA), Philippines, TY Yolanda, 2013 Formulate Identified Needs Cluster lead or designated reps will endorse/ certify request as cluster priority 48 hrs before Validation by Clusters Receive, log, clarify/ determine if civilian capacity is available; if yes, Log Cluster rep provides coordinating instructions directly with requesting party If not, request is forwarded to MNCC Humanitarian Capacity and Availability MNCC gets request from Log Cluster Request is traded on the floor where Liaison Officers (LNOs) indicate availability and willingness to perform the task(s) Multinational Military Tasking Military LOs coordinate directly with requesting party for planning of implementation Provides feedback to the MNCC upon completion of the task ; reports observations/issues identified during the execution of the task(s) Military Providers Request by humanitarian organisations for use of MCDA will go through the relevant cluster 72 hrs before requested time Logistics Cluster Multinational Coordination Centre (MNCC)

Virtual OSOCC First 2 to 4 weeks

https://humanitarianresponse.info Check-in desk for humanitarian aid workers Coordination hubs Contacts Who does what where? (WWW) Maps

UN-CMCoord and Logistics Logistics cluster in the lead Co-lead/managed by the military Logistics Transparency What do we think?

http://logcluster.org/ops/phl13a Predictable logistics

Best Information

UN-CMCoord at the tactical level Colocation in Cebu, Roxas, and Tacloban Liaison visits in Manila, Guiuan and Ormoc Direct assignment of foreign military contingents to government departments/ministries

Good Practice Co-location in Roxas

Donors and FMA Think culture Think beneficiary Think consequences Think twice, three times before using military assets to fly VIPs

Visibility Media coverage Who influences who? Focus on main supply roads Disaster management knowledge of journalists ‘Combat Camera’ deployed 40 teams U.S. Marine Corps deployed with organic combat camera capability Centre for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance

Typhoon Haiyan UN-CMCoord After Action Review, 10-12 Mar 2014

Recommendations 1 Establish a humanitarian civil-military coordination mechanisms at national level to: Assist/inform NDRRMC (NDMA) and the clusters to have and share a common situational awareness. Prioritise use of MCDA in supporting humanitarian priorities.

Recommendations 2 Institutionalize a humanitarian civil-military coordination capacity in domestic and international rapid response mechanisms to: optimise interaction and interoperability to feed into a common situational awareness. contribute to an informed decision and response facilitate integration with ongoing response.

Deploy with competent liaison officers to: Recommendations 3 Deploy with competent liaison officers to: share knowledge about capabilities and limitations Improve communication efficiency and effectiveness Match capabilities with needs

Recommendations 4 Adopt a co-location strategy (as appropriate) for humanitarian civil-military-police coordination to: level off understanding; increase hum civil-military coordination efficiency enhance deliberate planning, rapid coordination, cooperation , prioritization and decision making based on needs; maximize communication and information sharing: optimize utilization of unique.

Establish a simple transparent tracking system to: Recommendations 5 Establish a simple transparent tracking system to: provide overview of relief items control direct ground time keep the national and subnational level informed about air transport contribute to the situation awareness of the humanitarian community de-conflict with civil aviation

Recommendations 6 Invest in Humanitarian Civ-Mil Capacity Building to: improve interoperability (ability to work together) increase mutual understanding achieve/strengthen unity of effort

Ronaldo Reario Thank You UN-CMCoord Officer Haiyan (Yolanda) Typhoon Response Operation Civil-Military Coordination Section (CMCS) Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) rearior@un.org Thank You