Exploration and Colonization

3 Worlds: European Societies Around 1492 The Following Things Were Happening in Europe…… The Crusades and the Growth of Commerce The Growth of the Population The Rise of Nations and Monarchs The Renaissance Reformation

3 Worlds: North American Societies in 1492 Trade networks brought Native Americans in contact with other people They regarded the land as a source of life and not commodity that could or should be traded

3 Worlds: West African Societies Around 1492 Africa was geographically isolated; but connected through trade. Outposts were established along the western coast of Africa by the Portuguese under Prince Henry- The Portuguese spread goods and religion- wanted to convert the Muslims there to Christianity. Began European trade of west African slaves

Portuguese Explorers Explorers like Bartholomeu Dias continued Henry’s dream reached the tip of Africa in1488. Vasco da Gama finally reached India in 1498.

Marco Polo plants the idea… Although Marco Polo’s journey to China took place in the 1200’s, it was not until 1477 that people became excited about it countries had more money and better technology = wanted to dominate the spice trade The expense of the journey across the land led Europeans to seek alternative routes.

National Rivalries in Exploration Portugal vs. Spain Treaty of Tordesilla: (1494) Spain and Portugal agreed to divide the Western hemisphere- lands to the west in the Atlantic “belong” to Spain; lands in the east “belong” to Portugal

Who is this guy?

Explorations- a New World Christopher Columbus In 1492, Italian sailor Columbus convinced the Spanish court of Ferdinand and Isabella to finance a trip Columbus would sail west across the Atlantic in an effort to find a better, cheaper route to India.

Reaching the New Land What areas did Columbus find in his voyage across the Atlantic? Santo Domingo (Hispaniola) and several Caribbean Islands Who did Columbus encounter in these new lands? Columbus wrote of the people he encountered, “They should be good servants and of quick intelligence since I see they very soon say all that is said to them, and I believe that they would easily make good Christians.” Explosion of exploration from Europe begins European nations—primarily Spain, Portugal, Netherlands, France, and England—set out to build colonial empires

Transatlantic Encounters Columbus and others planted Spanish settlements Called the people “los indios” or Indians, thinking he was in the East Indies (Asia) Natives suffered from the harsh rule of the Spanish who killed many and enslaved those who survived. Disease is one of the major things trade to the natives.

Push and Pull Factors Independent: Answer the following questions in complete sentences What do you know about these two terms? (Push and Pull Factors) Why do people come to the United States today? Why do people want to leave other countries today? Why might people have emigrated/immigrated in past times? What are some historical events that have caused people to leave their homes and move elsewhere? With a partner Draw a (T) chart on a piece of paper On the left column write Push and on the right column write Pull Identify as many Push/Pull factors as you can and write them on your (T) chart

Push and Pull of Colonization Three G’s Gold (Economic)- push to obtain gold and other new riches God (Religious)- spread Christianity Glory (Power)- European nations wanted bigger empires/more land/more power Other reasons: Overpopulation, poverty, and crime

Spain’s Empire in the Americas Following Columbus’ voyage other Spanish explorers or conquistadors came to the Americas. destroyed Native American societies Won fame and fortune Made Spain the most powerful nation on the earth. 1513- Juan Ponce De Leon claims modern day Florida for Spain

Conquistadors Push North… In 1513, Spain moved into the southeastern and southwestern United States Dreaming of more gold and conquests Afraid the European nations might invade their empire. After Ponce de Leon- no gold, disease and starvation led Spanish to leave France moves to settle Florida so Spain invades Settle in St Augustine, FL (1565) - the oldest European-founded city

Settling the Southwest 1540, Spain begins to move into the southwest searching for wealth; find nothing BUT missionary priests begin settling, building churches and trying to gather natives into settlements called congregaciones. Capital became Santa Fe 1609 Camino Real- 1500 mile trail built in the Pueblo area following Christian missions from Santa Fe to Mexico City

Spanish Class System in the Colonies Draw and label the diagram in your notes

French Colonies Samuel de Champlain Explored along the St. Lawrence River Started first permanent French settlement in Canada- Quebec 1608 French established fur trade with the American Indians and a cooperative relationship AKA: Colony of New France grew to include the Mississippi valley

Impact on Native Americans Resistance and Conquest European Disease-

Slave Trade Begins First Native Americans were enslaved then a labor shortage emerged Demand for Africans grew African slavery became a part of the European-American economic system Triangle Trade

Impact on Europeans Columbus’s explorations started the Columbian Exchange -Introduction of new plants and animals between Europe, Africa, and the Americas -Spread of disease