AS 1.7 L3 The Alkanes Outcomes: I can state the general formula of alkanes and understand that they are saturated hydrocarbons which contain single bonds only I can explain the existence of structural isomers using alkanes (up to C5) as examples I know that alkanes are used as fuels and obtained from the fractional distillation, cracking and reformation of crude oil Connector: - Worksheet 1- Introducing organic chemistry 1 Target sheet Chapter 1.6 Crowe2008

The Alkanes Alkanes are the simplest family of hydrocarbons They only contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and carbon-carbon single bonds. The first six are: methane CH4 ethane C2H6 propane C3H8 butane C4H10 pentane C5H12 hexane C6H14 General formula: CnH2n+2

The alkanes and structural isomerism Structural isomerism. This means that there are two or more different structural formulae that you can draw for each molecular formula. Work out the two structural isomers for butane and name them. Work out the three structural isomers for pentane and name them. butane methylpropane

pentane methylbutane dimethylpropane

(e) Suggest why branched chain molecules have lower boiling points than straight chain molecules

Reactions of alkanes Practical 1.7 To make careful observations and compare the properties of different alkanes.

Research and make notes in relation to: 1.7.2c. Know that alkanes are used as fuels and obtained from the fractional distillation, cracking and reformation of crude oil