A SEMINAR ON HYBRID POWER SYSTEM PRESENTED BY: DHARMENDER KUMAR SINGH ROLL NO. 0809721036

WHAT IS HYBRID POWER PLANT The hybrid power plant is a complete electrical power supply system that can be easily configured to meet a broad range of remote power needs. There are three basic elements to the system - the power source, the battery, and the power management center. The power sources are a wind turbine, diesel engine generator, and solar arrays. The battery allows autonomous operation by compensating for the difference between power production and use. The power management center regulates power production from each of the sources, controls power use by classifying loads, and protects the battery from service extremes.

Hybrid Systems Hybrid power systems combine two or more energy conversion devices, or two or more fuels for the same device, that when integrated, overcome limitations inherent in either. Hybrid systems can address limitations in terms of Fuel flexibility, efficiency, reliability, emissions and / or economics.

Hybrid Power Systems Objectives Define the thrust of a new program – Compile a set of activities that may tap into existing technology programs to “fill in the gaps” – Coordinate but not overlap with technology programs – Stimulate innovative thinking that leads to creative business opportunities • Define how a hybrid power program will accelerate introduction of all DER technologies that include renewables • Make determination on the need for an integrated distributed hybrid power program

TYPES OF NEW ELECTRICAL POWER SOURCES CONTROLLED SOURCES UNCONTROLLED SOURCES Primary energy sources giving rise to the possibility of controlling electrical power production Eg. coal Natural sources giving unpredictable power and independent of human action Eg. Solar ,wind

WHY HYBRID POWER PLANT Electricity should be produced exactly at the time it is needed. Sun and wind do not meet this requirement. so special types of Power plant should be built to avoid shortage of power and to utilise all available sun and wind power. There are atleast two ways to achieve this aim: 1. power plant using two (or more) primary sources with additional control system. 2. Electricity energy storage. For hybrid power plant one of the sources must be controlled source.

EXAMPLE OF HYBRID SYSTEM SOLAR – WIND HYBRID POWER PLANT A SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL COMBINE WITH A GAS TURBINE OR MICRO TURBINE A WIND - FUEL CELL HYBRID SYSTEM WIND TURBINE WITH BATTERY STORAGE AND DIESEL BACKUP GENERATOR DC HYBRID SYSTEM AND MICROGRID

PROBLEMS CAUSED BY UNCONTROLLED POWER SOURCES The rapid and unpredictable changes in electricity production The sudden disappearences of power generation The poor usages of primary energy carriers.

Value proposition Hybrid System Value Propositions: High Efficiency High Reliability Low Emissions Acceptable Cost Fossil Fuel Generators Renewables The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Power Electronics Storage

SOLAR WIND HYBRID POWER SYSTEM

Energy Flow for All-Renewable Hybrid

HYBRID SOLAR – FUEL CELL POWER PLANT The block diagram of hybrid solar and fuel cell power plant

HYBRID SOLAR – FUEL CELL POWER PRODUCTION

Wind/Diesel Power • High penetration – 130kW wind added to existing 365kW diesel • Benefits of hybrid system: – Reduced fuel consumption 50-60%, requiring less diesel storage- Diesel generator provides continuous power in absence of wind

CSP Trough/Natural Gas – Concentrating Solar Power trough plants tied to grid. – Total generating capacity: 354 MW – Up to 25% natural gas fired Benefit -maximizing renewable resource usage – Eliminated risk of diesel spills – Reduced annual fuel usage

Wind diesel power system

Energy flow for wind diesel hybrid system

DC HYBRID SYSTEM WITH MICROGRID A Microgrid is a small power system containing all subsystems present in a regular power generation system: - power plants, - storage system, - transmission (distribution) network, - control system, loads. The microgrid is designed to supply small town or village. So loads are mainly households or small business.

DC MICROGRID

DC MICRO GRID ALLOWS Avoidance of many difficulties associated with control of energy parameters. Simplification of control strategy and control units Cost reduction. Reduction in transmission losses Introduction of load active control methods. New method of energy measurement.

Key Points of Large Hybrid Systems •Differences in Energy Storage –Long term energy storage:Larger battery bank to transfer energy from one time to another. Order of hours. –Short term energy storage: Energy used for very short periods to provide grid stability and allow controlled diesel engine starting. Order of minutes. •Power Quality issues •System Control –DSP based advanced control is required

Advantages Reliable, continuous power maximizing renewable usage Reduced fuel consumption 50-60%, requiring less diesel storage Reduced operating costs Less electricity No Power Outages- The next time a hurricane goes through you will not have to worry about losing power for a week in the summer. Provided that your system was not damaged. Pollutants-No pollutants are being released into the air. Cells only become a problem when it comes time to replace them (about twenty years)

Conclusions Hybrid power systems can offer solutions and value to customers that individual technologies cannot match. HPS are a good way to have available sources of electricity which optimise utilisation of primary energy sources. Hybrids offer market entry strategies for technologies that cannot currently compete with the lowest-cost traditional options. Some renewable hybrid power systems are commercially available today. Many options for the configuration of hybrid systems -Depend on load, resource, and costs.

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