Korea and the Cold War

-Communists win China Communist China -Chang Kai-shek U.S. backed leader $$$- nationalist, but with a corrupt Gov’t -Mao Zedong communist- wins peasant support- red army -Communists win China shocks America! -Nationalist go to Taiwan -U.S. doesn’t recognize China

Korean War - At the end of WWII Korean split along 38th parallel (US/Capitalist occupy the South – SU/Communist occupy the North) -Northern Communists invade the south, 1950 -War starts as a UN “police action” to repel the communist aggression -U.S. enters troops to save South Korea Gen. Douglas MacArthur :over armed forces Inchon Invasion saves South Korea from Communism, w/many more troops ready to fight -

Korean War -U.S. enters to save South Korea Gen. Douglas MacArthur Inchon Invasion saves South Korea -MacArthur launches counter attack and pushes into N. Korea across the 38th parallel

Korean War -China enters war on side of North Korea -War stalemates at 38th P MacArthur wants to attack China w/ nuclear weapons, disagrees with Truman who wants limited war -MacArthur criticizes the President -Truman fires MacArthur- 70% US agreed w.MacArthur -War drags on for two more years -War finally ends in 1953 near the 38th parallel

Korean War -China enters war on side of North korea -War stalemates MacArthur wants to attack China, disagrees with Truman who wants limited war -MacArthur criticizes the President -Truman fires MacArthur -War drags on for two more years -War finally ends in 1953 near the 38th parallel

Fear of Communists -Communist spies discovered - China turns to Communism -USSR gets atomic bomb -loyalty boards: Investigate Gov’t Employees 3.2 mil -Bill of Rights questioned -House Un-American Activities Committee :believed C were sneaking into Propaganda films Hollywood Ten -”blacklisting” -”unfriendly” witnesses that would not support accusations that the C were in the film industry, sent to prison

Fear of Communists -Alger Hiss -state dept. official accused of spying for the SU, Congressman Richard Nixon Gained fame for Pursuing charges against him- *1990s SU proved he was guilty. -

Fear of Communists -Rosenbergs -accused of passing atomic secrets- pleaded the 5th -found guilty and executed “Crime was worse than murder” *1st citizens executed for Espionage - SenatorJoseph McCarthy “Witch Hunt” 4 Commies Senate investigations 1954 Army Hearings: Not good for McCarthy due to TV

Foreign Policy Legacy -”The buck stops here” -Ended WW II -Atomic Bomb decision -Marshall Plan -Truman Doctrine -Korean War

Readjustment -millions of troops demobilized, 10 million sent home---*housing shortage -G.I. Bill 1944 paid for part of their education low cost loans - Unemployment for one year -Suburbia homes around cities for $7,000 Levittowns (William) *Bragged he could build a home in 16mins -affluent society great demand for goods

Readjustment -millions of troops demobilized -G.I. Bill education low cost loans -Suburbia Levittowns -affluent society great demand for goods- esp. since many items had been rationed during the war, people were ready to spend!

Readjustment -millions of troops demobilized -G.I. Bill education low cost loans -Suburbia Levittowns -affluent society great demand for goods

Truman -”The Buck Stops Here” -postwar economy was first major domestic problem -threat of gov’t control of industry in order to prevent strikes---union power curbed -Taft-Hartley Act over turned many rights won by Unions during the New Deal

Civil Rights -Truman takes a firm stand on civil rights -1948 Truman integrated the military (After Congress said No) -asked Congress for civil rights legislation (*Anti-lynching Laws, Anti-Poll Tax) -Congress refused to pass any new laws and Truman angered party members who supported segregation

1948 Election -Truman – Dem. (underdog, blamed for inflation & controversial racial Programs: Civil Rights) -Thomas Dewey –R -Dixiecrats Gov. Strom Thurmond, SC: States Rights -Truman was the underdog -called Congress into session and used inaction against them, Because they would not help pass any helpful laws -Truman wins in major upset -Truman wins in major upset

1948 Election -Truman – Dem. -Thomas Dewey –R -Dixiecrats Strom Thurmond -Truman was the underdog -called Congress into session and used inaction against them -Truman wins in major upset

Fair Deal Platform -Truman proposed an extension of the New Deal -Congress supported some and ignored others -nationwide health insurance (no) -crop subsidies (no) (Steady income 4 farmers) -extension of social security (yes) -low income housing (yes) slums -aid to schools (no) - Min wage: yes

-begins desegregation policies -military integration Domestic Legacy -Social Policies -begins desegregation policies -military integration -Economic and Political Policy -tried to extend New Deal -many of his domestic policies would become reality in the 1960’s with the Civil Rights Movement! He popularized such phrases as "The buck stops here" and "If you can't stand the heat, you better get out of the kitchen."[