Bellringer Have out your homework and your project! On a page that will become page 36 in your notebook, copy down and answer the following questions: What is an absolute monarch? What is divine right? What country was Louis XIV the absolute monarch of? What country was Frederick the Great the absolute monarch of? What country was Peter the Great the absolute monarch of? What palace did Louis live in? BJOTD: What do termites eat for breakfast?

The 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries in Europe Absolutism The 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries in Europe

The Theory of Absolutism European monarchs tried to claim the authority to rule without limits. Goal: to control all aspects of society

Divine right: the idea that God created the monarchy and the monarchy acted as God’s representative on earth The king answered only to God and not the people

PRocessing What did the absolute monarchs believe gave them the right to rule over all aspects of their country?

Europe Right Now A rise of cites A rise in the Middle Class (merchants)……who usually backed monarchies Monarchs use their wealthy colonies to pay for their ambitions- Mercantilism Church authority broke down, the Reformation and 30 Years War occurred Religious and territorial disputes between states led to almost constant warfare Some people wanted a strong leader to guide them through all the problems and changes taking place

France and Louis XIV (1643- 1715) Louis XIV is considered to be the ultimate example of an absolute monarch. L’etat c’est moi. (I am the state) “Call me the ‘sun king’ because all that is good radiates from me.”

How he gained absolute power Weakened the power of the nobles Increased the power of government workers

Jean Baptiste Colbert, Minister of Finance, tried to make France self-sufficient through mercantilism Wanted France to make all its own goods Placed high tariffs (taxes) on goods from other countries Encouraged people to move to France’s colonies to help export more raw materials to France Fur trade from America added money to the treasury

What was the effect of this? Bad side of Louis: After Baptiste died, Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes. Many skilled Protestant artisans and businessmen fled to other countries What was the effect of this?

Louis’ Grand Style Louis surrounded himself with only the best Each meal was a feast with over 500 cooks Louis was awake every day at 7:30 and outside stood 100 nobles all waiting to help him dress, however, only 4 were given the honor of getting him his slippers

He built a huge palace, the Palace at Versailles, 11 miles outside of Paris

15,000 acres of gardens 1,400 fountains 36,000 laborers 2,000 rooms Cost: 2 billion dollars

Louis’ Downfall Under Louis, France was the most powerful country in Europe In a series of wars, France tried to increase its boundaries, and won a few territories. However, France was weakened due to bad harvests and high taxes put in place to pay for the wars France was forced to give Great Britain its North American territories after losing the Seven Year’s War

Processing How did Louis XIV increase his control over his country? How did Louis XIV bring disaster to France?

Prussia’s Background Before Fredrick the Great, Frederick William, after seeing the destruction the 30 Year War left built a strong Army They army was the strongest in Europe and had over 80,000 men. Frederick William created a strong military society, but feared his son would not be strong enough to rule so he raised his son very tough.

Prussia and Frederick the Great (1740-1786) Prussia was a new state north of Austria It later became part of Germany Prussia rose to power in the late 1600s Ruling family: Hohenzollerns Frederick the Great created a strong military society

Russia’s Background Ivan IV, called Ivan the Terrible was Russia’s first Czar GOOD: gained territory, and developed a code of laws BAD: His wife was murdered and to avenge her death he hunted down anyone he thought was a traitor and killed them, usually the boyars (landowners) “Secret Police” killed thousands After Ivan, Russia fell into a period of turmoil Russia needed a strong leader

Russia and Peter the Great(1696-1725) Peter took throne in 1696 Russia still underdeveloped: made up of serfs and boyars (landowners) Russia was cut off from Western Europe Mongols kept them isolated during Renaissance and Age of Exploration Geographic barriers: ice Religion: Eastern Orthodox (instead of Catholic/Protestant)

Peter visited Western Europe and saw: New inventions and tools Ships and exploration Peter wanted a warm weather port (dock) to help modernize the country

Main goal: to westernize Russia Peter believed he needed ABSOLUTE control to accomplish this

How Peter Westernized Russia Took over Eastern Orthodox church Took power from landowners Modernized the army: western tactics and weapons New army=more taxes Increased women’s rights Ordered nobles to wear western fashions

New Land Peter went to war with Sweden to gain control of the Baltic Coast. After 21 years, he won and built St. Petersburg It became his new capital city

Processing What was Prussia’s society based on? Who did Louis XIV and Peter the Great both have to take power from, and why?

Absolutism Activity (page 38)

Page 51-53- create a caricature for each of the absolute monarchs Louis XIV-51 Frederick the Great-52 Peter the Great - 53

Neat- straight lines, neat writing…. Title for each drawling A background with important pieces labeled- Incorporate major parts from the notes- at least 5 THIS WILL BE GRADED