HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS IN THE USE OF BEVERAGES A PRESENTATION TO NIFST SOUTH EAST CHAPTER REGIONAL FOOD SUMMIT 9-11TH JUNE , 2016 BY PHILIPPA C OJIMELUKWE Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria

HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS IN THE USE OF BEVERAGES A BEVERAGE- POTABE LIQUID (ESPECIALLY WHEN IT IS NOT WATER) A LOT OF BEVERAGES ARE AVAILABLE- COFFEE, TEA, MILK, BEER, etc. THREE FACTORS THAT MAY GUIDE AN INDIVIDUAL IN THE USE OF BEVERAGES- CONTRIBUTION TO ENERGY INTAKE CONTRIBUTION TO INTAKE OF ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON HEALTH

WATER FOR BREATHING REMOVAL OF WASTE SWEATING RESTORATION OF FLUIDS LOST THROUGH METABOLISM

TEA AND COFFEE VERY POPULAR BEVERAGES VERY RICH IN ANTIOXIDANTS, FLAVONOIDS & OTHER BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS CONTAINS SUBSTANCES THAT INTEFERE WITH ABSORPTION OF MINERALS SUCH AS PHYTATES AND TANNINS

RELATIVELY HIGH IN CALORIES MILK BASED BEVERAGES GOOD FOR GROWING CHILDREN SINCE THEY CONTAIN CA AND VIT D FOR BONE DEVELOPMENT RELATIVELY HIGH IN CALORIES ADULTS SHOULD LIMIT INTAKE TO AVOID THE RISK OF PROSTRATE/OVARIAN CANCER ESPECIALLY IF THEY HAVE ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF CA

SWEETENED BEVERAGES WITHOUT CALORIES DIET DRINKS WITH CALORIE FREE ARTIFICIAL SWEETNERS BETTER THAN SOFT DRINKS THAT CONTAIN A LOT OF SUGARS BUT SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN DAILY

CALORIE BEVERAGES WITH NUTRIENTS FRUIT AND VEGETABLE JUICES, MINERAL ENRICHED WATER, . ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE ETC BELONG TO THIS GROUP MOST OF THESE BEVERAGES SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN MORE THAN ONE SERVING PER DAY

RECOMENDED INTAKE OF BEVERAGES FOR HEALTHY LIVING AT LEAST HALF OF A MANS INTAKE OF FLUIDS SHOULD COME FROM WATER ONE THIRD CAN COME FROM UNSWEETENED TEA OR COFFEE IF FLAVOURED WITH CREAM OR WHOLE MILK, ONLY SMALL QUANTITIES SHOULD BE TAKEN (FOR PROPER WEIGHT MANAGEMENT IN ADULTS) A SMALL GLASS OF FRUIT JUICE /ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES SHOULDBE TAKEN VERY SMALL QUANTITIES F SWEETENED DRINKS AND DIET DRINKS SHOULD BE TAKEN BEVERAGES SHOULD NOT CONSTITUTE ORE THAN 10% OF THE CALORIC INTAKE

ALCOHOL BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF 0.3% CAN BE LETHAL HAS A SEDATIVE EFFECT ALCOHOL STIMULATES SECRETION OF GABA ( A NEUROTRANSMITTER THAT INHIBITS OTHER NEURAL PROCESSES INCREASES DOPAMINE LEVELS

CAFFEINE A STIMULANT THAT INHIBITS THE ACTION OF ADENOSINE ( A NEUROTRANSMITTER) INCREASES AROUSAL AND ALERTNESS HIGH LEVELS LEAD TO NERVOUSNESS, AND ANXIETY INCREASES DOPAMINE LEVELS

TAURINE A FREE AMINO ACID MADE FROM CYSTEINE UTILIZED DURING BODY EXERCISE AND IN TIMES OF STRESS REDUCES SYMPTOMS OF ANXIETY ASSOCIATED WITH CAFEINE INTAKE IMPLICATED IN ILLNESSES LIKE HEART DISEASES, SEIZURES AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE DAILY INTAKE SHOULD NOT EXCEED 500mg/day

METABOLISM OF ALCOHOL METABOLIZED BY ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE;ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE;CATALASE;CYTOCHROMEP450 2E (cyp 2E) CONVERTED TO ACETALDEHYDE (Toxic); ACETATE ((less toxic) SMALL QUANTITIES OF ALCOHOL INTERACT WITH FATTY ACIDS TO FORM FATTY ACID ETHYL ESTERS (FAEEs) CONSEQUENCES- LIVER DAMAGE, PANCREAS DAMAGE; CANCERS

METABOLISM OF CAFFEINE CAFFEINE IS METABOLIZED IN THE LIVER WITHIN 45 MINUTES OF INGESTION INTO PARAXANTHINE;THEOBROMINE AND THEOPHYLLINE PARAXANTHINE INCREASES LIPOLYSIS THEOBROMINE DIALATES BLOOD VESSELS AND INCREASES URINE VOLUME THEOPYLLINE RELAXES SMOOTH MUSCLES

DOPAMINE REDUCES ACTIVITY OF LYMPHOCYTES REDUCES INSULIN PRODUCTION INCREASES SODIUM EXCRETION AND URINE OUTPUT DILATES BLOOD VESSELS

CONCLUSION BEVERAGES ARE IMPORTANT FOR THE HUMAN SYSTEM WITH THE PROLIFERATION OF BEVERAGES THERE IS A DIRE NEED FOR NUTRITION EDUCATION ON PROPER UTILIZATION THE ABUSE OF USE OF BEVERAGES HAVE SERIOUS HEALTH CONSEQUENCES