Cellular Biology (NGSS: HS-LS1-2) Tuesday, November 7 Cellular Biology (NGSS: HS-LS1-2) I will be able to make a claim based on evidence on which type of stem cells we should use Today’s agenda: Warm up – as you walk in Video clip (phenomenon) Stem cells Cons and pros of stem cells Analyzing evidence Exit slip WARM UP as you walk in: What is a zygote? What is “cell differentiation”? Be ready to share SEP 5: use mathematics and computational thinking Disciplinary core idea: LS2.B: Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems Biomass, trophic levels, ecosystems

What questions come to mind What questions come to mind? On your graphic organizer write down two questions

Stem cells What are they? Stem cells are undifferentiated cells What do they do? They can: make more stem cells differentiate into different cell types This slide explains the basic properties of stem cells and introduces the concept of classification based on potency. Embryonic stem cells Adult stem cells

Adult stem cells are isolated from tissues of the body BRAIN Adult stem cells are isolated from tissues of the body can give rise to a limited number of tissues can reproduce only a limited number of times are difficult to isolate from tissue Treatments based on these cells are limited to blood cancers and auto-immune diseases Less likely to be rejected if injected into a patient SKIN HEART BLOOD INTESTINE This slide provides key information about tissue stem cells. Other points you may wish to raise are: tissue stem cells are multipotent, meaning they only give rise to a limited number of different tissues under the right conditions tissue stem cells can be grown in the laboratory tissue stem cell are widely use in research treatments based on tissue stem cells are limited to blood cancers like leukeamia and auto-immune diseases (and have been for over 50 years). These treatments involve stem cells obtained from bone marrow and umbilical cord blood there are many other therapeutic applications of tissue stem cells currently being evaluated but these are not yet clinically proven and widely accepted. For example, clinical trials are underway to use adult stem cells to treat long bone fractures, kidney failure, heart failure, arthritis and cartilage regeneration, just to name a few possible future applications the use of tissue stem cells in research and in the clinic attracts less controversy than other types of stem cells (eg ES cells) but still require ethics approval to create and use in the laboratory and the clinic. generally very difficult to isolate already used to treat patients (certain types of cancers, diseases of the immune system) 4

Embryonic stem cells are isolated from human embryos can give rise to all cell types that make up the body can reproduce limitlessly grow easily in a lab 8-cell blastocyst fertilised egg 2-cell egg Day 0 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 6 Embryonic stem cells This slide explains the basic properties of stem cells and introduces the concept of classification based on potency.

What are some advantages and disadvantages of these two types of stem cells? Adavantages and disadvantages

Why are stem cells so special? Stem cells can be used to: Regenerate tissue (spinal cord, heart tissue and other tissues) Cure cancer (leukemia and pancreatic cancer) Cure autoimmune diseases Test drugs This slide explains the basic properties of stem cells and introduces the concept of classification based on potency.

What is the controversy on stem cells? Controversy: disagreement, debate, dispute

What is the controversy on stem cells? Removing the stem cells from embryos destroys embryos Creating human embryos for stem cells is very controversial Questions of ethics arise because embryos are destroyed as the cells are extracted, such as: When does human life begin? What is the moral status of the human embryo?

Something to think about… SUCCESSFUL STORIES SCHOLASTIC JESUIT ON STEM CELLS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHROwasIpT4

Analyze the material at your table: Article (sport medicine) Graphs Infographic If hou see smtg advantage or disadvantage, write it down And answer the questions on your graphic organizer

Exit slip – CER (Claim Evidence Reasoning) Choose either adult stem cells or embryonic stem cells: which cell type should we use? Make a claim, provide three pieces of evidence and include the reasoning.

CER grading rubric

More info on stem cells https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evH0I7Coc54&t=185s