PROTEINS.

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Presentation transcript:

PROTEINS

Proteins are made out of C, H, O and N Protein Structure Proteins are made out of C, H, O and N What are the monomers/building blocks for proteins? Amino Acids! There are 20 different types. They are connected by Peptide Bonds to form Proteins Proteins are also called Polypeptides

Protein Structure What functional groups do you see in every protein? Proteins ALWAYS have an Amine Group (-NH2) on one side and a Carboxyl Group (-COOH) on the other

Where are proteins made? Ribosomes! Ribosomes are also what cover the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Where are proteins made? The process of making proteins is simply called ‘Protein Synthesis’ Ribosomes use RNA as instructions to know what order to put the amino acids in to create proteins. Amino Acids RNA Protein

Protein Overall Structure Proteins are formed by linking a lot of Amino Acids together. This chain/sequence of amino acids is called the Primary (1ᵒ) Structure

Protein Overall Structure The chain of amino acids will then fold and form either a spiral or pleated shape This alpha helix or beta pleated sheet is called the Secondary (2ᵒ) Structure

Protein Overall Structure The spiraled or pleated chains now foil and coil even more. This complex shape is called the Tertiary (3ᵒ) Structure This is when the protein becomes functional

Protein Overall Structure The complex proteins will now fold and wrap around other proteins. Having 2 or more proteins folded together is called the Quaternary (4ᵒ) Structure

Protein Overall Structure Primary (1ᵒ): Amino Acids in a chain/sequence Secondary (2ᵒ): Alpha helix or Beta pleated chain Tertiary (3ᵒ): Complex shape Quaternary (4ᵒ): 2 or more proteins folded on each other

Functions Speed up chemical reactions (Enzymes) Transport things through the body (Hemoglobin) Transport things through the cell membrane (Channel Proteins) Defend the body against infections (Antibodies) Growth, Maintenance, and Repair Some Hormones (such as Insulin)

Denaturing Proteins can become unfolded which is called denaturing. This is bad news and will cause the protein to no longer function. Denaturing is caused by a change in temperature or pH.

Examples Proteins can be found in a lot of places! Meat Eggs Nuts Beans Hair/Nails Muscles Vegetables Milk