Light Communications opportunities for a Mobile Service Offering May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 November 2017 Light Communications opportunities for a Mobile Service Offering Date: 2017-10-27 Author: Simon Clement (Liberty Global) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 November 2017 Abstract This presentation discussed the potential use of Light Communications in various applicable use-cases as well as outlining some of the suggested performance metrics that are seen as relevant to a successful deployment of the technology. Simon Clement (Liberty Global) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

The Spectrum Crunch November 2017 The need for alternatives Mobile data offload onto Wi-Fi continues to explode. Cisco forecast by 2021 63% of mobile traffic will be offloaded from the cellular network to Wi-Fi With traffic estimated to be >130 EB per month and a forecast of 542million Wi-Fi hotspots there is the requirement to address an impending interference issue Continual drive to densify cells, enhance protocols and try new technologies that can work in harmony with intelligent devices to enhance the experience of consumers. Potential requirement to “offload” some of the offload traffic from Wi-Fi to maintain the Broadband user experience on the primary access method of cable customers. LC has a conceivable opportunity to play a role in this ecosystem Feb 7 2017: Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2016–2021 Slide 3 Simon Clement (Liberty Global)

Consumer Opportunity November 2017 Slide 4 Simon Clement (Liberty Global)

Service Defined Radio November 2017 Offloading data based on the application and device Devices have ever increasing number of radios (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Cellular, NFC, mmWV) Different applications require different traffic profiles. High Throughput vs Low Throughput, Low latency vs latency agnostic, jitter sensitive vs jitter extraneous. This is defined by the application being used and the service it is providing Email has very low sensitivity whereas UHD online gaming demands high throughput, low latency and jitter The ability to offload less demanding traffic to other technologies assisting in maintaining the Wi-Fi QoS for demanding applications is a conceivable use case Homes have the infrastructure already deployed with lights and powerlines Slide 5 Simon Clement (Liberty Global)

IoT and the Connected Home November 2017 IoT and the Connected Home Massive M2M communication as we move into the next decade Intel believe the average home will have 50 devices by 2020. Longer term this number is likely to increase greatly as the proliferation of devices in the home reporting diagnostics and maintenance to manufacturers increases, potentially without the explicit interaction of the consumer Opportunities exist to utilize LEDs and displays on whitegoods and other previously unconnected devices to transmit data on demand and maintain a QoS on existing Wi-Fi infrastructure IoT Traffic Characterization programme underway at CableLabs to assess the likely impact of IoT traffic on the home network and gateway Slide 6 Simon Clement (Liberty Global)

Business Opportunities November 2017 Business Opportunities Slide 7 Simon Clement (Liberty Global)

Smart Buildings November 2017 B2B2C Building owners moving towards Property as a Service model Require apartments to be pre-connected, automated and provide communications to tenants in a seamless manner Broadband increasingly seen as part of the service provided in shared accommodation Ability to distribute data connectivity for people and devices using existing deployed infrastructure across not only the apartment but all shared access and facility components Slide 8 Simon Clement (Liberty Global)

Enterprise November 2017 High density multiple devices per person Very high interference issues in office spaces and commercial buildings Demand is often for quality over throughput to enable sensitive applications such as voice to be run over a common infrastructure Increasingly transient workforces and portable devices challenge the Wi-Fi infrastructure Opportunity to offload some services that do not demand immediate high throughput such as email to protect voice and video services Slide 9 Simon Clement (Liberty Global)

Transportation November 2017 Mass transportation systems all contain existing lighting solutions Dense environment with significant mobility challenges High demand for services and drive to increase productivity of consumers while using mass transportation systems Focus is currently on the development of command and control of the transportation systems themselves and not necessarily the future of connectivity on board for the transportee Potential to provide high speed fronthaul solutions for transportation customers Slide 10 Simon Clement (Liberty Global)

Healthcare November 2017 An Access Point per bed? NHS in the UK is a large B2B customer and opportunity to provide enhanced services to its customers Challenging RF environment in many older hospitals High demand for connectivity based on nature of time spent in single locations Older infrastructure with priority to critical care provision Slide 11 Simon Clement (Liberty Global)

Technical Considerations November 2017 Technical Considerations Slide 12 Simon Clement (Liberty Global)

Requirements on LC November 2017 Current requirements from a MSO perspective Area Requirements Details/Examples Throughput Minimum 100 Mbps; Ideal >1 Gbps Providing full enhanced connectivity beyond that available today Latency Improvement on 802.11ax targets (<5ms) Issues being seen in latency on WiFI in future use cases Jitter 0 ms as a target Variable latency causing issues on multiple use cases Propagation Full performance at 5 meter distance between Tx and Rx Transmitter Density Ability to densify to 10 lights per sqm Receiver Density 10 devices per LED IoT Uptake Roaming Seamless handover between lamps Security Secure connection between Tx and Rx Maintain compatibility with existing/emerging 802.11 authentication/association methods Availability Full performance at 350 lux in commercial use cases connectivity at 50 lux in residential use cases Interoperability Able to roam to standard 802.11 connectivity when out of LC zone. Ability to manage network selection based on demand Integrated as part of a 5G ecosystem through LWA and LWIP Propagation 2.4m UK house ceiling, 2.7m minimum commercial height so hypotenuse 3.82m. If ceiling is 3.5m hypotenuse is approx 5m Slide 13 Simon Clement (Liberty Global)

November 2017 Summary Slide 14 Simon Clement (Liberty Global)

LC has a potential role to play November 2017 LC has a potential role to play Requires a collaborative approach Infrastructure exists to create a different LAN in a wide range of locations Demand is ever increasing from both people and machines Networks need to become a man of many faces. The ability to service consumers and enterprises based on location, demand and application rather than a pure device to network connection challenge. LC provides and opportunity for an ultra-dense, low opex network in many potential scenarios, some of which have been outlined in this pack Slide 15 Simon Clement (Liberty Global)