Choice Matters: How you feel is related to what you can do Craig Ravesloot, Bryce Ward, Tannis Hargrove, Nicholas Livingston & Jennifer Wong The University of Montana Funded by a grant (H133G110077) from the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research

Study Questions How do feeling states (e.g., happiness, depressed mood) vary across daily activities? Are conditions like pain, depression and fatigue associated with community participation?

Participant Recruitment We began with 10,000 randomly selected households, in five Missoula zip codes. Individuals who could answer “yes” to one of the six disability screener questions & were willing to participate sent back a post card. Recruited 149 people from the pool of people who returned a survey and indicated they would be willing to participate in another study. Analytic sample included all who responded to 50% or more prompts. Facebook\healthy community living

Demographics (18-75) Average age = 55.7 years (95% between 33 and 78 years old) 61.8% Female 97.1% White 50% Married 59.1% not employed

Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) Participants attended a 90 minute training conducted by the research team to review research protocols, survey questions, and device use Participants responded to surveys 6 times per day randomly throughout the day, for 14 consecutive days between 9am-9pm The device prompted participants to complete a survey GPS coordinates were logged every 5 minutes from 9am-9pm Participants with complete data answered a total of 84 surveys

EMA Questions Where are you? What type of activity are you engaged in? How satisfied are you with this activity? (0-4) Who is with you? Rate your level of physical exertion for this activity? How much pain are you experiencing right now? (1-10) How happy (fatigued, stressed, depressed) are you? (0-4)

Note: All coefficients are statistically significant beyond .05 Fixed effects multiple regression of each feeling state with resting as the reference category. All activities both the Obligatory activities on this slide and the Discretionary activities on the next slide are included in one analysis. Note: All coefficients are statistically significant beyond .05

Note: All coefficients are statistically significant beyond .05

Note:. denotes coefficients are statistically significant beyond. 05 Note: * denotes coefficients are statistically significant beyond .05. Analysis controlled for time of day and day of week Ravesloot, C., Ward, B., Hargrove, T., Wong, J., Livingston, N., Torma, L., Ipsen, C. (2016). Why Stay Home? Temporal association of pain, fatigue and depression with being at home. Disability & Health Journal, 9(2), 218–225.

For your consideration Obligatory activities tend to take more effort and relative to discretionary activities, have lower benefit. For many people, balancing activity with pain, fatigue and depressed mood is an ongoing challenge that affects participation. How does employment affect people’s choice to participate? How does assistive technology affect people’s choice to participate? How does health promotion affect people’s choice to participate? Facebook\healthy community living

Next Steps Ecology of Participation Home Base home usability with RTC:IL at the University of Kansas Effort & Choice Facebook\healthy community living

Contact Craig Ravesloot 52 Corbin Hall University of Montana Missoula, MT 59812 (406) 243-2992 Craig.Ravesloot@mso.umt.edu http://rtc.ruralinstitute.umt.edu www.ecologyofparticipation.com www.healthycommunityliving.com Facebook\healthy community living