EMS Annual Meeting: European Conference for Applied Meteorology and Climatology 2017 4–8 September 2017 Dublin, Ireland Customizing the Weather Research and Forecasting Model for west Spitsbergen fjords Szymon Kosecki – Centre Of Polar studies, IOPAN Kjetil Schanke Aas – University of Oslo ROBERT ROZUMALSKI – NOAA FEDERAL Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka – IOPAN JAROMIR JAKACKI – IOPAN

Main goals Introduction Determine local wind conditions in fjords Determine wind conditions at the West Spitsbergen shelf Make reliable temperaturę fileld over Hornsund and Kongsfjord Determine other important parameters like solar radiation, precipitation, evaporation 2010-2015 hindcast - Focus on wind!

Why do I need WRF for my PhD? Introduction Why do I need WRF for my PhD? The importance of reliable wind and temperature fields for further hydrodynamical The resolution of the available reanalysis data sets is nearly non representative for the west Spitsbergen fjords Large influence of orography in diurnal, seasonal and annual air masses cycle Large variation of the topography

The problems with WRF winds – Jimenez, Dudhia (1) Overestimation of the wind speed at the plains and valleys Wind speed underestimation at the mountaintops and hilltops Representation of the drag associated with the unresolved orography The effects of the unresolved topography (1) Pedro A. Jimenez et al. 2011 „Improving the Representation of Resolved and Unserolved Topographic Effects on the Surface Wind in WRF Model.”

Wind parameterization – Jimenez, Dudhia (1) Nondimensional Laplacian operator: related to the traditional Laplacian by: The factor ct as a function of the nondimentional Laplacian and sub-grid topography standard deviation Momentum–conservation equation modyfication by : (1) Pedro A. Jimenez et al. 2011 „Improving the Representation of Resolved and Unserolved Topographic Effects on the Surface Wind in WRF Model.”

The problems with WRF winds – Clifford Mass (2) WRF generally has a substantial overprediction bias for all but the lightest winds. Not enough light winds. Winds are generally too geostrophic over land. Not enough contrast between winds over land and water. This problem is evident virtually everywhere and appears to occur in all PBL schemes available with WRF. 4km domain over Washington (2) Clifford F. Mass, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and D. Ovens, „Fixing WRF's High Speed Wind Bias: A New Subgrid Scale Drag Parameterization and the Role of Detailed Verification” Conference matterials (2011)

Wind parameterization – Clifford Mass et al Wind parameterization – Clifford Mass et al. 2011– University of Washington (2) Also use a sink therm in the momentum equations Unfortunatelly there is no information about the parameterization equations in literature, shown figures came from misterious „experiment 71” Deduct from the conference matterials it is based on u* modyfication and variance of sub-grid topography The parameterization was discused with author of the previos one, so they might be slightly similar. (2) Clifford F. Mass, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and D. Ovens, „Fixing WRF's High Speed Wind Bias: A New Subgrid Scale Drag Parameterization and the Role of Detailed Verification” Conference matterials (2011)

Model domain setup 4-km resolution 12-km resolution 800-m resolution 55 vertical ETA levels Upper boundary at 30 000 Pa level One-way nested domains: 4-km resolution 12-km resolution 800-m resolution 800-m resolution

Model physical options setup PBL Scheme : Yonsei University (Hong, Song–You, Yign Noh, Jimy Dudhia, 2006: A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2318– 2341.) Microphysics Scheme : Thompson Aerosol-Aware (Thompson, Gregory, and Trude Eidhammer, 2014: A study of aerosol impacts on clouds and precipitation development in a large winter cyclone.J. Atmos. Sci., 71.10, 3636-3658.) Land Surface Scheme : Noah 4-Layer LSM (Tewari, M., F. Chen, W. Wang, J. Dudhia, M. A. LeMone, K. Mitchell, M. Ek, G. Gayno, J. Wegiel, and R. H. Cuenca, 2004: Implementation and verification of the unified NOAH land surface model in the WRF model. 20th conference on weather analysis and forecasting/16th conference on numerical weather prediction, pp. 11–15.) Long Wave Radiation : RRTM (Mlawer, Eli. J., Steven. J. Taubman, Patrick. D. Brown, M. J. Iacono, and S. A. Clough (1997), Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated–k model for the longwave. J. Geophys. Res.,102, 16663–16682.) Short Wave Radiation : Goddard (GFDL) Short Wave (Fels, Stephen. B., and M. D. Schwarzkopf, 1981, An efficient, accurate algorithm for calculating CO2 15 ?m band cooling rates. J. Geophys. Res.,86, 1205–1232.) The physical options largely follow the ones used in POLAR WRF for Arctic land conditions (Hines et al. 2011) and in the WRF applied for Svalbard for surface energy ballance simulation (Schanke et al. 2014)

Chosen experiment results wind roses from simulatiuons without wind correction scheme chose of the „ representative grid-cell” ? the type of reanalysis does not affect on the wind directions clear 30deg rotation refined topography and calculated subgrid standard deviation Observation – Polish Polar Station, Hornsund Era Interim experiment CFSR experiment

Chosen experiment results 2-meter temperature validation

Chosen experiment results 10m-wind validation

2-meter temperature validation Hornsund - simutation version 10

10-m wind speed validation Hornsund - simulation version 10

10-m wind speed validation Hornsund - simulation version 11

10-m wind speed validation Hornsund - simulation version 12

Summary and conclusions: The model has been applied correctly and works sable Significant improvment of the 10-m wind speed has been proven Simulated temperature doesn’t change with applied wind parameterization schemes There is strong need to perform insitu measurements The model has to be further improvd especially due to temperaturę bias

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