Cold War Developments, 1956-1963 In what ways did a bipartisan consensus emerge during the Cold War?

The Eisenhower Doctrine A country could request American economic assistance and/or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression from another state. Eisenhower singled out the Soviet threat in his doctrine by authorizing the commitment of U.S. forces "to secure and protect the territorial integrity and political independence of such nations, requesting such aid against overt armed aggression from any nation controlled by international communism.“ made in response to the Soviet Union’s attempt to use the Suez War as a pretext to enter Egypt.

The Cold War Under “Ike” Interstate Highway Act (1956) Construction of national highway system using tax dollars created jobs; expanded travel, industry, trucking Funded as Cold War defense strategy Brinkmanship (Dulles) Willingness to go to the brink of war would block Soviet expansion Nuclear buildup, H-Bomb MAD – Mutually Assured Destruction Fallout shelters, “duck and cover” Post-colonialism India, Pakistan, Ghana CIA Covert Action Iran – overthrew elected government to restore Reza Pahlavi Guatemala – overthrew leftist government

The Cold War Under “Ike” Hungarian Revolt US took no action as Soviets crushed revolt to maintain its sphere of influence Sputnik – Soviets beat us to space NASA National Defense Education Act emphasis on science, foreign languages Communist Revolution in Cuba Military Industrial Complex President warned about the relationship between industry and military, which grew rapidly in scale and influence in the wake of World War II

JFK: Liberal Cold Warrior Cuba and the Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961) Failed attempt to overthrow Castro Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) US naval blockade Agreement: Soviets removed missiles from Cuba and US agreed not to launch air strike and to remove missiles from Turkey Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)

JFK Foreign Policy “Flexible response” in dealing with communism Alliance for Progress aimed to establish greater economic cooperation between North and South America Peace Corps Americans volunteer to help underdeveloped nations in areas such as education, farming, health care, and construction. West Berlin speech On June 26, 1963, Kennedy visited West Berlin and gave a public speech criticizing communism, using the construction of the Berlin Wall as an example of the failures of communism. Vietnam Kennedy increased the number of U.S. military in Vietnam from 800 to 16,300 faced a crisis in Vietnam: despite increased U.S. support, the South Vietnamese military was only marginally effective against pro-Communist Viet Minh and Viet Cong forces.