Extinction 1 Brian O’Meara EEB464 Fall 2017

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Presentation transcript:

Extinction 1 Brian O’Meara EEB464 Fall 2017 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNmTLLmhxFQ Brian O’Meara EEB464 Fall 2017

Major extinctions Background extinction Amphibian decline White Nose Syndrome Metapopulations Selectivity

BENTON. DIVERSIFICATION AND EXTINCTION IN THE HISTORY OF LIFE BENTON. DIVERSIFICATION AND EXTINCTION IN THE HISTORY OF LIFE. Science (1995) vol. 268 (5207) pp. 52-58

Barnosky et al. Assessing the causes of Late Pleistocene extinctions on the continents. Science (2004) vol. 306 (5693) pp. 70-75

Major extinctions Background extinction Amphibian decline White Nose Syndrome Metapopulations Selectivity

Shows mass extinctions but also background Fossil range scaled to time. Faunal change appears gradual except around 251.4 Ma. The positions of volcanic ash beds and isotopic ages are from (3). The carbon-13 profiles integrate all available data from the Meishan sections (8, 20, 21). Three previously proposed extinction levels are shown (indicated by A, B, and C) Jin et al. Pattern of marine mass extinction near the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China. Science (2000) vol. 289 (5478) pp. 432-436

Extinctions happen locally Saccheri et al. Inbreeding and extinction in a butterfly metapopulation. Nature (1998) vol. 392 (6675) pp. 491-494

Major extinctions Background extinction Amphibian decline White Nose Syndrome Metapopulations Selectivity

Lips et al. 2006. Emerging infectious disease and the loss of biodiversity in a Neotropical amphibian community. PNAS 103(9_: 3165-3170

Major extinctions Background extinction Amphibian decline White Nose Syndrome Metapopulations Selectivity

http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/disease_information/white-nose_syndrome/gallery.jsp

Major extinctions Background extinction Amphibian decline White Nose Syndrome Metapopulations Selectivity

Stapp et al. Patterns of extinction in prairie dog metapopulations: plague outbreaks follow El Nino events. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (2004) vol. 2 (5) pp. 235-240

Hastings and Harrison. Metapopulation dynamics and genetics Hastings and Harrison. Metapopulation dynamics and genetics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics (1994) vol. 25 (1) pp. 167-188

Background extinction Amphibian decline White Nose Syndrome Major extinctions Background extinction Amphibian decline White Nose Syndrome Metapopulations Selectivity Break into groups of three: what traits could lead to selection

McKinney. Extinction vulnerability and selectivity: combining ecological and paleontological views. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics (1997) vol. 28 (1) pp. 495-516

McKinney. Extinction vulnerability and selectivity: combining ecological and paleontological views. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics (1997) vol. 28 (1) pp. 495-516

McKinney and Lockwood. Biotic homogenization: a few winners replacing many losers in the next mass extinction. Trends Ecol Evol (1999) vol. 14 (11) pp. 450-453

McKinney and Lockwood. Biotic homogenization: a few winners replacing many losers in the next mass extinction. Trends Ecol Evol (1999) vol. 14 (11) pp. 450-453

Clauset and Erwin. The evolution and distribution of species body size Clauset and Erwin. The evolution and distribution of species body size. Science (2008) vol. 321 (5887) pp. 399

Clauset and Erwin. The evolution and distribution of species body size Clauset and Erwin. The evolution and distribution of species body size. Science (2008) vol. 321 (5887) pp. 399

Clauset and Erwin. The evolution and distribution of species body size Clauset and Erwin. The evolution and distribution of species body size. Science (2008) vol. 321 (5887) pp. 399

Why don’t things just adapt rather than go extinct? Optimum Actual Why don’t things just adapt rather than go extinct? Actual Optimum Bridle and Vines. Limits to evolution at range margins: when and why does adaptation fail?. Trends Ecol Evol (2007) vol. 22 (3) pp. 140-147

Bridle and Vines. Limits to evolution at range margins: when and why does adaptation fail?. Trends Ecol Evol (2007) vol. 22 (3) pp. 140-147