Ch. 19 – Bacteria Notes

Review: Kingdom Eubacteria and Archaebacteria; Old Kingdom = Monera Unicellular Prokaryotic, no cellular membranes, no nucleus Auto and Heterotrophic

Bacteria Identification: Shape Sphere-Shape (coccus) Ex. Strep Throat (streptococcus), pneumonia (diplococcus), staph (staphylococcus)

Rod-Shaped (bacillus) Ex. Typhoid fever (caused by salmonella: Boil it, peel it, cook it, or FORGET IT! Transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces of infected people. Typhoid Mary – 36 years quarantined!), Botulism (home canned foods or bad seal on canned foods.)

Spiral-Shaped (spirillum) Ex. Syphilis Congenital syphilis (mom gives it to fetus in utero.)

More types of syphilis (secondary).

More Bacteria Identification: Cell Wall (chemical nature) – can see the wall by gram-staining! Take-up Crystal Violet (purple) = Gram Positive Take-up Safranine (red) = Gram Negative

ID Cont. Bacterial Movement Flagella – tail Glide along slime (they make this themselves) Some don’t move!

…and the last way to Identify bacteria Oxygen Use Require Oxygen – AEROBIC NO Oxygen - ANAEROBIC

Growth and Reproduction Bacteria reproduce in three different ways 1. Binary Fission – bacteria double in size, double DNA and divide in half (asexual reproduction)

Growth and Reproduction 2. Conjugation – a hollow bridge forms between two bacteria cells and they exchange genetic information (sexual reproduction)

Growth and Reproduction 3. Spore formation – when conditions are bad, bacteria form endospores which lay dormant until conditions get better for growth.