Drill: Calculate the osmotic pressure of 5 Drill: Calculate the osmotic pressure of 5.0 g NaOH in 7500 mL soln at 27oC.

Drill: Calculate the heat change when 25. 0 g of H2O goes from 66 Drill: Calculate the heat change when 25.0 g of H2O goes from 66.3oC to 26.3oC. Cwater = 4.18 J/gK

Review Drill & Collect Labs

CHM II HW Review PP-19 Work the attached problem & turn it in tomorrow.

Chemical Kinetics or Reaction Rates

Reaction Rate The speed at which reactants become products in a chemical reaction M/s = mole/Ls

Kinetic Theory All matter is made up of tiny particles The particles are in constant motion All collisions are elastic ?

Elastic Collisions Collisions in which there is no energy change

Particles Reacting For particles to react, they must collide Reaction rate is dependent on collision rate

Particles Reacting When a reaction takes place, an energy change occurs Collisions (in which reactions occur) are not elastic

Reaction Rate Rate = - d[Reactant]/dt Rate = +d[Product]/dt M/s

Factors Affecting Rxn Rate Concentration, Temperature, Agitation, Process, Orientation, Catalyst, SA of Solid, Pressure of Gas, Reaction Mechanism

List & describe at least 5 factors that will affect reaction rates Drill: List & describe at least 5 factors that will affect reaction rates

Rate Expression An equation showing how rate depends on the number of reactants in a rate determining reaction

Rate Expression Rxn: aA(aq) + bB(aq) P Expr: Rate = k[A]a[B]b [A] = molarity of A

Rate Expression Rxn: aA(g) + bB(g) Product Exp: Rate = kPAaPBb

Write Rate Expressions for: H2(g) + N2(g) NH3(g) HCl(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) BaCl2(aq) + H2O (l)

Write Rate Expressions for: H2(g) + N2(g) NH3(g) Rate = k(PH2)3(PN2)

Write Rate Expressions for: 2HCl(aq) + 1Ba(OH)2(aq) 1BaCl2(aq) + 2H2O (l) Rate = k[HCl]2[Ba(OH)2]

Write Rate Expressions for: 1 Cl2(g) + 1 HOOH (aq) 2 HOCl(aq)

Write Rate Expressions for: 1 Cl2(g) + 1 HOOH (aq) 2 HOCl(aq) Rate = k(PCl2) or Rate = k[HOOH]

Drill: Write the rate expression & determine rxn order for: SO2(g) + O2 (g) SO3(g)

Drill: Write the rate expression & determine rxn order for: 2 SO2(g) + 1 O2 (g) 2 SO3(g) Rate = k(PSO2)2(PO2)

Review & Collect Drill & HW

CHM II HW Review PP-19. Complete the attached assignment & turn it in tomorrow.

A Make-up Test for the test will be attached to Poly’s website, and for those who missed the test or want to improve their grade. The test is due tomorrow morning by 8:15 am.

Write the Rate Law for: 2A(aq) + B(aq) + 3C(s) Products

Write the Rate Law for: 2A(aq)+ B(aq)+ 3C(s) P Rate = k[A]2[B]

Reaction Order The total number of reactants (coefficients) Equals total exponents in rate expression

Determining Rxn Order Find rate expression ratios (Ratio of concentrations)x = rate ratio x = exponent

Write the rate expression for: aA + bB Products All aqueous

The next slide includes data from an experiment where various concentrations of A & B were added together, and the rates of product formation was measured.

Experimental Results Exp [A] [B] Rate 1 1.0 1.0 2 2 2.0 1.0 4 1 1.0 1.0 2 2 2.0 1.0 4 3 1.0 2.0 8

Experimental Results Exp [A] [B] Rate 1 1.0 1.0 2 2 2.0 1.0 4 1 1.0 1.0 2 2 2.0 1.0 4 3 1.0 2.0 8

Write the rate expression for: aA + bB + cC Products All aqueous

Experimental Results Exp # [A] [B] [C] Rate 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 2 0.3 0.1 0.1 81 3 0.1 0.3 0.1 27 4 0.1 0.1 0.3 3

Experimental Results Exp # [A] [B] [C] Rate 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 2 0.3 0.1 0.1 81 3 0.1 0.3 0.1 27 4 0.1 0.1 0.3 3

Solve All: Exp Data: Exp # [R] [S] [T] Rate 1) 0.25 0.20 0.10 2 1) 0.25 0.20 0.10 2 2) 0.25 0.60 0.10 18 3) 0.50 0.20 0.10 4 4) 0.25 0.20 0.40 32

Drill: Solve All Exp Data: Exp # [R] [S] Rate 1) 0.25 0.20 2 2) 0.25 0.60 18 3) 0.50 0.20 4

Solve All: Exp Data: Exp # [R] [S] Rate 1) 0.25 0.20 2 2) 0.25 0.60 18 1) 0.25 0.20 2 2) 0.25 0.60 18 3) 0.50 0.20 4

Review Drill, Check HW, & Collect Lab

CHM II HW Review PP-19

Clausius-Claperon Eq (T2)(T1) k2 (T2 – T1) k1 Ea= R ln

Calculate the activation energy of a reaction whose rate constant is 2 Calculate the activation energy of a reaction whose rate constant is 2.0 x 103 at 27oC and is 2.0 x 106 at 77oC:

List & describe at least 5 factors that will affect reaction rates Drill: List & describe at least 5 factors that will affect reaction rates

Review & Collect Drill & HW

CHM II HW Review PP-19 & 20 Complete the attached assignment & turn it in tomorrow.

Half-Life The time required for one half of the reactants to change into products in a reaction

Useful Relationships Rxn Order Rate Exp 0 R=k 1 R=k[A] 2 R=k[A]2

1st Order Age Dating Formula t = ln(Ai/Af)t1/2 0.693

The sequence of steps that make up the reaction process Reaction Mechanism The sequence of steps that make up the reaction process

Reaction Mechanism Step 1 A <--> B fast Step 2 B ---> C slow Step 3 C <--> D fast Total A ---> D

The rate determining step in a reaction mechanism is the slowest step

To solve the rate expression, you must use the slowest step Reaction Mechanism To solve the rate expression, you must use the slowest step

Solve Rate Expression A + B C + D fast 2C + A G fast 2D + B K fast 2G + 2K Prod. slow

Solve Rate Expression X + Y M + N fast M + N 2G slow 2N + G K fast 2G + 2K Prod. fast

Solve All: Exp Data Exp # T [A] [B] Rate 1) 27oC 0.10 0.10 2

Solving Rxn Exponent = = Rate2 k [IO3-]x[S2O5-2]y M/31 s k(0.10M)x(0.10M)y M/66 s k(0.10M)x(0.05M)y = =

[Z] Abs 640 0.1 0.66 0.075 0.495 0.05 0.33 0.025 0.165 0.01 0.066

Drill: Solve Rate Expr: X + Y M + N fast 3M + N 2G fast 2N K fast 2G + K Prod. slow

Review Drill & Check HW

CHM II HW Review PP-19 Complete the attached worksheet & turn it in tomorrow Lab Thursday

CHM II HW Problems: 65 & 69 Page: 704

AP CHM HW Problems: 61 & 63 Page: 337

Rate Law & Net Rxn A + B C + D fast 4C + A 2G fast 4D + B 2K fast G + K Q + W slow Q + 2 W Prod. fast

Review

Drill: Determine All Exp # T [A] [B] Rate 1) 27oC 0.10 0.10 2

Solve Rate Expression A + B C + D fast 4 C + A 2G fast 2 K 4D + B fast G + K Q + W fast 2Q + 2W Prod. slow