Data Challenges and Real-time Autonomous Sensing Systems Ziqian (Cecilia) Dong, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY 10023 Email: ziqian.dong@nyit.edu

Challenges in modeling for FEW nexus Data Where and how do we get data? How much data? How reliable are the data? How do we validate the data? Who’s going to use it? What is it used for?

Real-time autonomous data collection Smart city infrastructure backed by Internet of Things Smart sensors (pressure, toxicity, dissolved oxygen, heavy metal, turbidity, etc.), energy meters (energy usage, demand and supply) Inventory tracking on food distribution systems Weather radar, satellite imaging Economic and demographic data An informed FEW management system

Where to collect data? Water supply, distribution system Food production and distribution Energy production and consumption Waste disposal or treatment (food, water, energy)

How can we use the data? Identify inefficiencies in the existing systems: leaks, wastes, Optimize resource allocation - Strategically water resource allocation -> intelligent water management system Scientific modeling at different scales, from micro -> macro

NY Harbor Water Sampling data 70 sampling stations Source: http://www.nyc.gov/

A case study of existing water quality data from EPA: Long Island Analyzed the existing water quality data from Environmental Protection Agency database for Long Island Exposed the challenges in data to understand the correlation of water quality with weather events and identifying point sources of pollutants Z. Dong, S. Meyland and M. Karaomeroglu, “FEW: A case study of an autonomous wireless sensor network system for environmental data collection,” Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, Version of Record online: 1 Aug. 2017, DOI: 10.1002/ep.12716

A case study of existing water quality data from EPA: Long Island

Water quality indicators at one location in Long Island Sound

Macro -> Micro scale sensing Z. Dong, F. Li, B. Beheshti, A. Mickelson, M. Panero and N. Anid, “Autonomous Real-time Water Quality Sensing as an Alternative to Conventional Monitoring to Improve the Detection of Food, Energy, and Water Indicators,” Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, March 2016, pp. 1-8.

Sustainable Communication Network Design

Research Challenges Sensors Computing module Processor, memory Communication module Power unit Power supply for wireless sensors Communication overhead for wireless sensor networks Unreliable data communication may cause data sets with large amount of missing data How to estimate the missing values from the known measurements?

Current and Future work Autonomous real-timer water quality sensing system Validate and correlate measurement data Use the data in the FEW models that is scalable to megacities – agent-based models

References [1] Cisco, IoE-Driven Smart City Barcelona Initiative Cuts Water Bills, Boosts Parking Revenues, Creates Jobs and More, Online: http://www.cisco.com/assets/global/ZA/tomorrow-starts-here/pdf/barcelona_jurisdiction_profile_za.pdf [2] IBM, Water Management for a Smarter Planet, Online: http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/water_management/ideas/ [3] Ziqian Dong, S. Anand, and R. Chandramouli, “Estimation of Missing RTTs in Computer Networks: Matrix Completion vs Compressed Sensing,” Computer Networks, Vol. 55, Issue 15, October 2011. [4] Ziqian Dong, Sarah Meyland and Muhammet Karaomeroglu, “FEW: A case study of an autonomous wireless sensor network system for environmental data collection,” Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, Version of Record online: 1 Aug. 2017, DOI: 10.1002/ep.12716 [5] Ziqian Dong, Fang Li, Babak Beheshti, Alan Mickelson, Marta Panero and Nada Anid, “Autonomous Real-time Water Quality Sensing as an Alternative to Conventional Monitoring to Improve the Detection of Food, Energy, and Water Indicators,” Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, March 2016, pp. 1-8.

Thank you Questions Prepare slides for the appendix in the event that more details or supplemental slides are needed. The appendix is also useful if the presentation is distributed later.