Accumulation of free adduct glycation, oxidation, and nitration products follows acute loss of renal function  N. Rabbani, K. Sebekova, K. Sebekova, A. Heidland, P.J. Thornalley  Kidney International  Volume 72, Issue 9, Pages 1113-1121 (November 2007) DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002513 Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Biodistribution scheme illustrating flows of formation and removal (degradation and excretion) of protein glycation, oxidation, and nitration free adducts in tissues, blood, and urine. Kidney International 2007 72, 1113-1121DOI: (10.1038/sj.ki.5002513) Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Concentration of α-oxoaldehydes and thiols in the plasma of rats after bilateral nephrectomy, bilateral ureteral ligation, and sham-operated controls. (a) Glyoxal, (b) MG, (c) 3-DG, and (d) plasma thiols. Key: hollow bars, sham-operated controls; solid bars, BNX; and hatched bars, BUL. Data are mean±s.e.m. (n=4). Significance: +, *, and o indicate significance of difference with respect to baseline control, sham-operated control, and BNX rats where one, two, and three symbols reflect P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<00.1, respectively. The baseline concentration of glyoxal, MG, 3-DG, and plasma thiols in the control Wistar rats was 253±20, 204±34, 66±8, and 393±21 nM; mean±s.e.m. (n=5). Kidney International 2007 72, 1113-1121DOI: (10.1038/sj.ki.5002513) Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Plasma protein oxidation and nitration adduct residue content and plasma concentration of oxidation and nitration free adducts of rats after bilateral nephrectomy, bilateral ureteral ligation, and sham-operated controls. (a) MetSO residues, (b) MetSO free adduct, (c) dityrosine residues, (d) dityrosine free adduct, (e) 3-NT residues, and (f) 3-NT free adduct. Key: hollow bars, sham-operated controls; solid bars, BNX; and hatched bars, BUL. Data are mean±s.e.m. (n=4). Significance: symbol key as in Figure 2. The baseline concentrations of analytes were as follows: MetSO residues 44.5±1.6 mmol/mol met; MetSO free adduct 231±61 nM; dityrosine residues 0.013±0.002 mmol/mol tyr; dityrosine free adduct 1.92±0.59 nM; 3-NT residues 0.013±0.002 mmol/mol tyr; and 3-NT free adduct 2.05±0.37 nM; mean±s.e.m. (n=5). Kidney International 2007 72, 1113-1121DOI: (10.1038/sj.ki.5002513) Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Plasma protein glycation adduct residue content and plasma concentration of glycation free adducts of rats after bilateral nephrectomy, bilateral ureteral ligation, and sham-operated controls: Nε-fructosyl-lysine, Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine, and Nε-carboxyethyl-lysine. (a) FL residues, (b) FL free adduct, (c) CML residues, (d) CML free adduct, (e) CEL residues, and (f) CEL free adduct. Key: hollow bars, sham-operated controls; solid bars, BNX; and hatched bars, BUL. Data are mean±s.e.m. (n=4). Significance: symbol key as in Figure 2. The baseline concentrations of analytes were as follows: FL residues 0.85±0.08 mmol/mol lys; FL free adduct 379±48 nM;CML residues 0.181±0.012 mmol/mol lys; CML free adduct 208±14 nM; CEL residues 0.055±0.006 mmol/mol lys; and CEL free adduct 61±13 nM; mean±s.e.m. (n=5). Kidney International 2007 72, 1113-1121DOI: (10.1038/sj.ki.5002513) Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Plasma protein glycation adduct residue content and plasma concentration of glycation free adducts of rats after bilateral nephrectomy, bilateral ureteral ligation, and sham-operated controls: hydroimidazolones. (a) G-H1 residues, (b) G-H1 free adduct, (c) MG-H1 residues, (d) MG-H1 free adduct, (e) 3DG-H residues, and (f) 3DG-H free adduct. Key: hollow bars, sham-operated controls; solid bars, BNX; and hatched bars, BUL. Data are mean±s.e.m. (n=4). Significance: symbol key as in Figure 2. The baseline concentrations of analytes were as follows: G-H1 residues 0.071±0.016 mmol/mol lys; G-H1 free adduct 78±9 nM; MG-H1 residues 0.450±0.027 mmol/mol lys; MG-H1 free adduct 57±2 nM; 3DG-H residues 0.122±0.007 mmol/mol lys; and 3DG-H free adduct 27±7 nM; mean±s.e.m. (n=5). Kidney International 2007 72, 1113-1121DOI: (10.1038/sj.ki.5002513) Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Plasma protein glycation adduct residue content and plasma concentration of glycation free adducts of rats after bilateral nephrectomy, bilateral ureteral ligation, and sham-operated controls: AGE crosslinks. (a) Pentosidine residues, (b) Pentosidine free adduct, (c) MOLD residues, and (d) MOLD free adduct. Key: hollow bars, sham-operated controls; solid bars, BNX; and hatched bars, BUL. Data are mean±s.e.m. (n=4). Significance: symbol key as in Figure 2. The baseline concentrations of analytes were as follows: pentosidine residues 0.00091±0.00010 mmol/mol lys; pentosidine free adduct 2.31±0.63 nM; MOLD residues 0.0059±0.0014 mmol/mol lys; and MOLD free adduct 1.03±0.07 nM; mean±s.e.m. (n=5). Kidney International 2007 72, 1113-1121DOI: (10.1038/sj.ki.5002513) Copyright © 2007 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions