Chapter 8 Section 5 19th Century Progress
Big Question How did breakthroughs in science and technology change daily life and entertainment? Describe at least 5 examples.
Key Terms Thomas Edison Survival of the Fittest Alexander Graham Bell Genetics Guglielmo Marconi Dmitri Mendeleev Henry Ford Radioactivity Assembly Line Ivan Pavlov Wright Brothers Sigmund Freud Bacteria Mass culture Antiseptics Spectator sports Germ Theory of Disease Darwin's Theory of Evolution
Inventions Make Life Easier Mid to late 1800s, many new inventions changed how people lived Inventors from around the world used industrialization to make life simpler and more complex
Inventions Make Life Easier Thomas Edison Most famous American inventor…over 1,000 patents in his lifetime (Wizard of Menlo Park, New Jersey) Examples of inventions - Phonograph, light bulb, motion picture projector Most important invention – idea of the research laboratory
Inventions Make Life Easier Alexander Graham Bell – Telephone Guglielmo Marconi - Radio
Inventions Make Life Easier The Automobile and Henry Ford German Karl Benz created the first gas powered internal combustion engine and put it on a horse carriage…first automobile American Henry Ford made cars affordable to ordinary people by setting up the assembly line in his factory
Inventions Make Life Easier The Wright Brothers Fly Bicycle mechanics from Dayton, Ohio, Orville and Wilbur Wright, used a gasoline powered engine to fly the first airplane in 1903
New Ideas in Medicine Germ Theory of Disease Mid 1800s, Louis Pasteur used a microscope to discover tiny animals living on food…called them bacteria Also learned that heat killed bacteria…pasteurization
New Ideas in Medicine Dr. Joseph Lister created bacteria killing liquids called antiseptics that saved his patients during surgery Pasteur, Lister, and others used cleanliness and germ- fighting techniques to create the germ theory of disease
New Ideas in Science Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Most controversial invention of the time period was Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Claimed all life on earth developed from simpler life forms over millions of years
New Ideas in Science Claimed only those species that are the best adapted to their environment will survive and reproduce (Survival of the Fittest)…claimed species can change over time to adapt Many people fought evolutionary theory claiming it conflicted with the teachings of the Bible
New Ideas in Science Mendel and Genetics Gregor Mendel discovered that certain traits are passed from parents to offspring and claimed there was a pattern Created science of genetics
New Ideas in Science Advances in Chemistry and Physics Discovery that all matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms revolutionized science Dmitri Mendeleev organized the elements of science into a useful chart…periodic table Marie and Pierre Curie discovered an atoms decay produced an energy called radioactivity
Social Sciences Explore Behavior Late 1800s, scientists began to study how the human mind worked New science was called psychology Ivan Pavlov experimented with how humans respond to certain situations and how we are trained
Social Sciences Explore Behavior Sigmund Freud, claimed that people’s actions are shaped by dreams and our subconscious mind Claimed sit-down therapy sessions could help us understand our subconscious and fix our behavior Freud’s theories were controversial because it took responsibility away from human actions Pavlov’s and Freud’s ideas challenged Enlightenment ideas that humans were rational and logical beings
The Rise of Mass Culture With the rise of industrialization, the middle class grew larger Since the middle class had money and time to enjoy life, art, music, theater, and other forms of entertainment grew in the late 1800s These leisures called mass culture
The Rise of Mass Culture New technologies drastically changed entertainment in the late 1800s/early 1900s Dance halls were popular…singing, dancing, magicians, juggling, acrobatics, comedians, musicians, and variety shows called vaudevilles were common
The Rise of Mass Culture Edison’s movie projector led to movie theaters becoming a big pastime in America and Europe Participant and Spectator sports such baseball and football became big in America…soccer, cricket, and rugby in Europe
Big Question & Key Terms How did breakthroughs in science and technology change daily life and entertainment? Describe at least 5 examples. Thomas Edison Darwin's Theory of Evolution Alexander Graham Bell Survival of the Fittest Guglielmo Marconi Genetics Henry Ford Dmitri Mendeleev Assembly Line Radioactivity Wright Brothers Ivan Pavlov Bacteria Sigmund Freud Antiseptics Mass culture Germ Theory of Disease Spectator sports