The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition

Unit XVIII Romantic Program Music “The painter turns a poem into a painting; the musician sets a picture.” —Robert Schumann Schumann: “Die Soldatenbraut” The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

47. The Nature of Program Music Program music vs. absolute music Brahms: Symphony No. 1, IV 47. The Nature of Program Music Program music: instrumental music with a literary or pictorial association, as opposed to absolute music Program indicated by title or explanatory note—the “program”—provided by the composer Berlioz: “Witches’ Sabbath” The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

Varieties of Program Music Four main types of program music: Concert overture Incidental music Program symphony Symphonic poem / tone poem Tchaikovsky: 1812 Overture Mendelssohn: A Midsummer Night’s Dream Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique, IV Smetana: The Moldau Varieties of Program Music Four main types of program music: Concert overture: not associated with an opera, a single-movement concert piece based on a literary idea Incidental music: an overture and series of pieces to be played between the acts of a play and during important scenes. Also applies to film music and background music in television today Program symphony: multimovement orchestral work Symphonic poem: one-movement work for orchestra in which contrasting sections develop a poetic idea, suggest a scene, or create a mood; also called tone poem Tchaikovsky Mendelssohn Berlioz Smetana The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition www.wwnorton.com/enjoy The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition

49. Berlioz and the Program Symphony Hector Berlioz (1803–1869) French composer and conductor Paris and “young France” Beethoven and Shakespeare Harriet Smithson Prix de Rome 48. Berlioz and the Program Symphony Hector Berlioz (1803–1869) French composer and conductor First great exponent of musical Romanticism in France Left medical school to study music in Paris Befriended group of artists and writers called “young France” Developed affection for works of Beethoven and Shakespeare Doomed love affair with Shakespearean actress, Harriet Smithson 1830 won coveted composition competition, Prix de Rome Married Smithson against wishes of both families Success in capitals of Europe, except Paris Harriet Smithson The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Berlioz’s Music Favored program music Instrumental music: program symphonies, concert overtures Vocal music: operas, sacred works Huge forces Orchestration “The creator of the modern orchestra” Berlioz’s Music Affinity for vividly dramatic or pictorial programs Instrumental music: program symphonies, concert overtures Vocal music: operas, sacred works (including Requiem, Te Deum, oratorio) Love of huge orchestral and choral forces Considered a master of orchestration Scores call for the largest orchestra ever used Berlioz is called “the creator of the modern orchestra” “Generally speaking, my style is very bold… the prevailing characteristics of my music are passionate expression, intense ardor, rhythmical animations, and unexpected turns.” —Hector Berlioz The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique Program symphony Based on his personal life Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique Program symphony Based on his personal life 5 movements, with recurring theme called idée fixe (fixed idea) Idée fixe represents the beloved, theme undergoes transformation I. Reveries, Passions: introduction of idée fixe II. A Ball: ternary form, idée fixe appears in waltz time III. Scene in the Fields: establishes mood “of sorrowful loneliness” IV. March to the Scaffold He dreams he has killed the beloved and has been condemned to die A diabolical march in minor The idée fixe appears at the end, cut off by a grim fortissimo chord (final blow of the guillotine blade) V. Dream of a Witches’ Sabbath The infernal spirits gather for his funeral The beloved comes to the infernal orgy Religious chant Dies irae (Day of Wrath) from Requiem Mass is introduced “To render my works properly requires a combination of extreme precision and irresistible verve, a regulated vehemence, a dreamy tenderness, and an almost morbid melancholy.” —Hector Berlioz The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique (Listening Guide) Listening Guide PDF 5 movements- idée fixe I. Reveries, Passions II. A Ball III. Scene in the Fields IV. March to the Scaffold Guillotine V. Dream of a Witches’ Sabbath Dies irae Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique Program symphony Based on his personal life 5 movements, with recurring theme called idée fixe (fixed idea) Idée fixe represents the beloved, theme undergoes transformation I. Reveries, Passions: introduction of idée fixe II. A Ball: ternary form, idée fixe appears in waltz time III. Scene in the Fields: establishes mood “of sorrowful loneliness” IV. March to the Scaffold He dreams he has killed the beloved and has been condemned to die A diabolical march in minor The idée fixe appears at the end, cut off by a grim fortissimo chord (final blow of the guillotine blade) V. Dream of a Witches’ Sabbath The infernal spirits gather for his funeral The beloved comes to the infernal orgy Religious chant Dies irae (Day of Wrath) from Requiem Mass is introduced The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

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The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition 51. Musical Nationalism Inclusion of folk dance Reference to folklore or peasant life Programs: national hero, historic event, scenic beauty of land Censorship Powerful symbolism Liszt: Hungarian Rhapsody, No. 2 Smetana: Furiant Smetana: The Moldau 49. Musical Nationalism Political unrest in Europe stimulated nationalism Nationalism in music expressed in a number of ways: Inclusion of folk dance Reference to folklore or peasant life Programs based on a national hero, historic event, scenic beauty of land Censors monitored political implications Powerful symbolism behind the works Liszt Smetana The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

A Czech Nationalist: Bedřich Smetana (1824–1884) Bohemian composer Early music studies in Prague Cycle of symphonic poems My Country (Má vlast) Health declined (syphilis), grew deaf A Czech Nationalist: Bedřich Smetana (1824–1884) Bohemian composer Early music studies in Prague Joined nationalists against Austrian rule Involvement in a failed revolution led to his accepting a position in Sweden Resumed career in Prague, wrote operas in native tongue Cycle of symphonic poems My Country (Má vlast) gained him notoriety Works were inspired by beauty of Bohemia’s countryside Health declined from syphilis, grew deaf Smetana: Furiant from The Bartered Bride The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

Smetana: The Moldau (Listening Guide) Second of the symphonic poems from My Country River Moldau (Vlatava) Music suggests scenes along the shore of the river Smetana: The Moldau (Listening Guide) Second of the symphonic poems from My Country River Moldau (Vlatava) becomes poetic symbol of the beloved homeland Smetana: The Moldau (ending) Listening Guide PDF The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Other Nationalists Other Nationalists Czech national school: Antonín Dvořák Norway: Edvard Grieg Finland: Jean Sibelius Russia: Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, “the Mighty Five”: Mily Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, César Cui, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Modest Musorgsky England: Edward Elgar, Frederick Delius Spain: Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados, Manuel de Falla Spain Isaac Albeniz Enrique Granados Manuel de Falla The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Other Nationalists Other Nationalists Czech national school: Antonín Dvořák Norway: Edvard Grieg Finland: Jean Sibelius Russia: Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, “the Mighty Five”: Mily Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, César Cui, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Modest Musorgsky England: Edward Elgar, Frederick Delius Spain: Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados, Manuel de Falla England Edward Elgar Frederick Delius The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Other Nationalists Other Nationalists Czech national school: Antonín Dvořák Norway: Edvard Grieg Finland: Jean Sibelius Russia: Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, “the Mighty Five”: Mily Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, César Cui, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Modest Musorgsky England: Edward Elgar, Frederick Delius Spain: Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados, Manuel de Falla Antonin Dvořák, Czech Dvořák: Symphony No. 9 in e The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Other Nationalists Edvard Grieg, Norway Other Nationalists Czech national school: Antonín Dvořák Norway: Edvard Grieg Finland: Jean Sibelius Russia: Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, “the Mighty Five”: Mily Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, César Cui, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Modest Musorgsky England: Edward Elgar, Frederick Delius Spain: Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados, Manuel de Falla Grieg: Peer Gynt Suite The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Other Nationalists Jean Sibelius, Finland Other Nationalists Czech national school: Antonín Dvořák Norway: Edvard Grieg Finland: Jean Sibelius Russia: Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, “the Mighty Five”: Mily Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, César Cui, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Modest Musorgsky England: Edward Elgar, Frederick Delius Spain: Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados, Manuel de Falla Sibelius: Finlandia The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Other Nationalists Russia Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka “The Mighty Five” Mily Balakirev Alexander Borodin Cesar Cui Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov Modest Musorgsky Other Nationalists Czech national school: Antonín Dvořák Norway: Edvard Grieg Finland: Jean Sibelius Russia: Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, “the Mighty Five”: Mily Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, César Cui, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Modest Musorgsky England: Edward Elgar, Frederick Delius Spain: Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados, Manuel de Falla Borodin: Polovetsian Dances The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition Other Nationalists Russia Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka “The Mighty Five” Mily Balakirev Alexander Borodin Cesar Cui Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov Modest Musorgsky Jean Sibelius, Finland Edvard Grieg, Norway Other Nationalists Czech national school: Antonín Dvořák Norway: Edvard Grieg Finland: Jean Sibelius Russia: Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, “the Mighty Five”: Mily Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, César Cui, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Modest Musorgsky England: Edward Elgar, Frederick Delius Spain: Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados, Manuel de Falla Antonin Dvořák, Czech Spain Isaac Albeniz Enrique Granados Manuel de Falla England Edward Elgar Frederick Delius The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

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