Reactions of Metals

Metal Reactions Metal + oxygen Metal + water Metal + acid

Metal + acid When a metal reacts with acid, the following reaction takes place: metal + acid  metal salt + hydrogen gas A metal salt and hydrogen gas are always produced For example: magnesium + hydrochloric acid  magnesium chloride + hydrogen gas What is the symbol equation for this reaction?

Metal + acid Metal + water Metal + oxygen Balancing equations When a metal reacts with acid, the following reaction takes place: metal + acid  metal salt + hydrogen gas A metal salt and hydrogen gas are always produced For example: magnesium + hydrochloric acid  magnesium chloride + hydrogen gas Mg + HCl  MgCl2 + H2 Examples to try

Metal + oxygen When a metal reacts with oxygen, the following reaction takes place: metal + oxygen  metal oxide A metal oxide is always produced For example: magnesium + oxygen  magnesium oxide What is the symbol equation for this reaction?

Metal + oxygen Metal + water Balancing equations Metal + acid When a metal reacts with oxygen, the following reaction takes place: metal + oxygen  metal oxide A metal oxide is always produced For example: magnesium + oxygen  magnesium oxide Mg + O2  MgO Examples to try

Metal + water When a metal reacts with water, the following reaction takes place: metal + water  metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas A metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas is always produced For example: calcium + water  calcium hydroxide + hydrogen What is the symbol equation for this reaction?

Metal + water Balancing equations Metal + acid Metal + oxygen When a metal reacts with water, the following reaction takes place: metal + water  metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas A metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas is always produced For example: calcium + water  calcium hydroxide + hydrogen Ca + H2O  Ca(OH)2 + H2 Examples to try

number of each atom = number of that atom on the Balancing Equations When you balance an equation, you are making sure that number of each atom = number of that atom on the on left hand side right hand side For example: Mg + HCl  MgCl2 + H2 2 One Mg on left One H on left Two Cl on left One Mg on right Two Cl on right 2 H on right TRY SOME EXAMPLES FOR YOURSELF…. Final check – OK  Mg is balanced Balance the H on left H is balanced Cl is balanced

Try balancing these equations… 1. Mg + O2  MgO 2. Cu(II) + HNO3  Cu(NO3)2 + H2 3. K + H2O  KOH + H2 4. Al + H2SO4  Al2(SO4)3 + H2 5. Na + O2  Na2O 1. SOLUTION 2. SOLUTION 3. SOLUTION 4. SOLUTION 5. SOLUTION

Mg + O2  MgO Mg + O2  MgO 2 2 2 O on left 2 Mg on right One Mg on right One O on right One Mg on left One Mg on left Mg is balanced Balance O on the right Balance the Mg on the left Final check – OK  Now check the Mg again…

Cu(II) + HNO3  Cu(NO3)2 + H2 Cu(II) + HNO3  Cu(NO3)2 + H2 2 One Cu on left One H on left 2 N on left 6 O on left One Cu on right 6 O on right 2 N on right 2 H on right Final check – OK  Balance H on the left Cu is balanced H is balanced N is balanced O is balanced

K + H2O  KOH + H2 K + H2O  KOH + H2 2 2 2 One K on left 4 H on left 2 O on left 2 K on right One K on right 2 O on right 3 H on right 2 H on left 3 H on right Final check – OK  Balance K on left K is balanced H is balanced K is balanced Balance H on right Balance H on left O is balanced

Al + H2SO4  Al2(SO4)3 + H2 Al + H2SO4  Al2(SO4)3 + H2 2 3 3 One Al on left 2 H on left 6 H on left One S on left 12 O on left 3 S on right 2 H on right 2 Al on right 12 O on right 2 H on left Final check – OK  Al is balanced Balance Al on left H is balanced Balance H on right S is balanced Balance S on left O is balanced H is balanced

Na + O2  Na2O Na + O2  Na2O 4 2 2 2 Na on left 2 O on left 2 Na on right One Na on left 4 Na on right One O on right Final check – OK  Na is balanced Na is balanced Balance Na on left Balance Na on left O is balanced Balance O on right

Need to check a table of ions?? Metal + water examples Which of the following equations are written correctly?? 1. Mg + H2O  Mg(OH)2 + H2 2. Fe(III) + H2O  Fe2(OH)3 + H2 3. Zn + H2O  ZnOH + H2 4. Na + H2O  Na(OH)3 + H2 5. K + H2O  KOH + H2 Need to check a table of ions?? TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE

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Metal + oxygen examples Determine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below: copper(II) + oxygen  aluminium + oxygen  zinc + oxygen  sodium + oxygen  iron(II) + oxygen 

Metal + oxygen examples Determine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below: copper(II) + oxygen  Cu + O2  CuO2 Cu + O  CuO Need to check a table of ions?? Cu + O2  CuO Cu + O2  Cu2O

Metal + oxygen examples Determine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below: aluminium + oxygen  Al + O  AlO Al + O2  AlO2 Need to check a table of ions?? Al + O2  Al3O2 Al + O2  Al2O3

Metal + oxygen examples Determine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below: zinc + oxygen  Zn + O2  ZnO Zn + CO2  ZnCO2 Zn + O2 Zn2O3 Need to check a table of ions?? Zn + O2  Zn2O

Metal + oxygen examples Determine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below: sodium + oxygen  Need to check a table of ions?? Na + O2  Na2O Na + O  NaO Na + O2  NaOO Na + O3  NaO3

Metal + oxygen examples Determine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below: iron(II) + oxygen  Fe + O2  Fe2O2 Need to check a table of ions?? Fe + O2  FeO Fe + O2  Fe2O3 Fe + O2  FeO3

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Writing ionic equations To write an ionic equation, you will need a table of ions You need to balance the charge on the positive (+) ion with the charge on the negative (–) ion For example: magnesium chloride is made up of Mg2+ ions and Cl- ions Cl- Cl- To balance the charges, you need 2 x Cl- ions Mg2+ Therefore the equation is Mg Cl Cl Which is written as MgCl2 Some examples to try….

Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: magnesium + sufuric acid  copper(II) + nitric acid  iron (II) + ethanoic acid  silver + nitric acid  sodium + hydrochloric acid  potassium + hydrochloric acid  aluminium + sufuric acid  aluminium + nitric acid  Answer 1. Need help with the products? Answer 2. Need help with the products? Answer 3. Need help with the products? Answer 4. Need help with the products? Answer 5. Need help with the products? Answer 6. Need help with the products? Answer 7. Need help with the products? Answer 8. Need help with the products?

Metal + acid examples (1) Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: magnesium + sufuric acid  magnesium sulfate + hydrogen gas Now write the symbol equation Need to check a table of ions??

Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: magnesium + sufuric acid  magnesium sulfate + hydrogen gas Mg + H2SO4  MgSO4 + H2

Metal + acid examples (2) Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: copper(II) + nitric acid  copper nitrate + hydrogen gas Need to check a table of ions?? Now write the symbol equation

Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: copper(II) + nitric acid  copper nitrate + hydrogen gas Cu + HNO3  Cu(NO3)2 + H2

Metal + acid examples (3) Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: iron (II) + ethanoic acid  iron ethanoate + hydrogen gas Now write the symbol equation Need to check a table of ions??

Fe + CH3COOH  Fe(CH3COO)2 + H2 Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: iron (II) + ethanoic acid  iron ethanoate + hydrogen gas Fe + CH3COOH  Fe(CH3COO)2 + H2

Metal + acid examples (4) Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: silver + nitric acid  Need to check a table of ions?? silver nitrate + hydrogen gas Now write the symbol equation

Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: silver + nitric acid  silver nitrate + hydrogen gas Ag + HNO3  Ag2NO3 + H2

Metal + acid examples (5) Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: sodium + hydrochloric acid  Need to check a table of ions?? Now write the symbol equation sodium chloride + hydrogen gas

Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: sodium + hydrochloric acid  Na + HCl  NaCl + H2 sodium chloride + hydrogen gas

Metal + acid examples (6) Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: potassium + hydrochloric acid  Now write the symbol equation Need to check a table of ions?? potassium chloride + hydrogen gas

Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: potassium + hydrochloric acid  K + HCl  KCl + H2 potassium chloride + hydrogen gas

Metal + acid examples (7) Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: aluminium + sufuric acid  Now write the symbol equation Need to check a table of ions?? aluminium sulfate + hydrogen gas

Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: aluminium + sufuric acid  Al + H2SO4  Al2(SO4)3 + H2 aluminium sulfate + hydrogen gas

Metal + acid examples (8) Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: aluminium + nitric acid  Now write the symbol equation Need to check a table of ions?? aluminium nitrate + hydrogen gas

Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below: aluminium + nitric acid  Al + HNO3  Al(NO3)3 + H2 aluminium nitrate + hydrogen gas

Ionic equation examples…. Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! magnesium oxide copper(II) sulfate potassium sulfate silver nitrate calcium hydroxide aluminium chloride aluminium nitrate iron(II) hydrogen carbonate Need to check a table of ions??

Ionic equation examples (1) Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! magnesium oxide Ionic equation is: MgO Mg2+ O2-

Ionic equation examples (1) Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! magnesium oxide Ionic equation is: MgO Mg2+ O2-

Ionic equation examples (2) Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! copper(II) sulfate Ionic equation is: CuSO4 Cu2+ SO42-

Ionic equation examples (3) Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! potassium sulfate Ionic equation is: K2SO4 K+ K+ SO42-

Ionic equation examples (4) Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! silver nitrate Ionic equation is: AgNO3 Ag+ NO3-

Ionic equation examples (5) Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! calcium hydroxide Ionic equation is: Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ OH- OH-

Ionic equation examples (5) Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! calcium hydroxide Ionic equation is: Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ OH- OH-

Ionic equation examples (6) Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! aluminium chloride Ionic equation is: AlCl3 Al3+ Cl- Cl- Cl-

Ionic equation examples (7) Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! Ionic equation is: Al(NO3)3 aluminium nitrate NO3- NO3- NO3- Al3+

Ionic equation examples (8) Write each of the following chemicals using symbols: Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!! Ionic equation is: Fe(HCO3)2 iron(II) hydrogen carbonate HCO3- HCO3- Fe2+

Table of ions Positive ions Negative ions +1 +2 +3 -1 -2 Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2- K+ Ca2+ Fe3+ OH- SO42- Ag+ Zn2+ NO3- Cu2+ HCO3- Sn2+ (tin) Pb2+ (lead) Fe2+

Table of ions Positive ions Negative ions +1 +2 +3 -1 -2 Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2- K+ Ca2+ Fe3+ OH- SO42- Ag+ Zn2+ NO3- Cu2+ HCO3- Sn2+ (tin) Pb2+ (lead) Fe2+

Table of ions Positive ions Negative ions +1 +2 +3 -1 -2 Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2- K+ Ca2+ Fe3+ OH- SO42- Ag+ Zn2+ NO3- Cu2+ HCO3- Sn2+ (tin) Pb2+ (lead) Fe2+

Table of ions Positive ions Negative ions +1 +2 +3 -1 -2 Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2- K+ Ca2+ Fe3+ OH- SO42- Ag+ Zn2+ NO3- Cu2+ HCO3- Sn2+ (tin) Pb2+ (lead) Fe2+

Table of ions Positive ions Negative ions +1 +2 +3 -1 -2 Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2- K+ Ca2+ Fe3+ OH- SO42- Ag+ Zn2+ NO3- Cu2+ HCO3- Sn2+ (tin) Pb2+ (lead) Fe2+

Common Acids Common Acids that need to be remembered are: hydrochloric acid HCl produces a chloride salt sulfuric acid H2SO4 produces a sulfate salt nitric acid HNO3 produces a nitrate salt ethanoic acid CH3COOH produces an ethanoate salt