Introducing the anti-bullying work in Norway: national strategies, societal responses and practices Dian Liu dian.liu@uis.no

Contextual features in relation to school climate Law of Jante Class size and activities Parental involvement

Legal enforcement White Paper 31(2007-2008) Quality in Education All pupils are entitled to a good psycho-social environment Manifesto against bullying (2011-2014) zero tolerance for bullying The Norwegian Education Act 9a-1: good physical and psyco-social environment 9a-3: “the bullying act” 9a-4: internal control in schools 9a-7,9a-8: penalties

National strategies 1983: The first National Project All primary and secondary schools (3400) Packet of Material & A book (Olweus & Roland 1983) No External Support, except in Bergen Bullies are generally aggressive Bullying focused prevention Confronting intervention

National strategies The 1996 Program A Whole School Approach: school leadership, staff, pupils board and parents New Book (Roland & Vaaland 1996) - same definition - prevention: authoritative classroom leadership - intervention: a confronting approach External support (around 200 external “experts” were trained)

National strategies 2002: Prime Ministers Manifesto King Haralds New Year Address Prime Minister Kjell Magne Bondeviks New Year Address (Zero tolerance) Two Anti - bullying Programs subsidized by the State - the Olweus Program (material and external support) - Zero (material and external support) - program material available to all schools School bullying down 30% (Roland 2009)

Bullying in research School bullying: repetition, aggressive behavior, power imbalance Applicable to cyberbullying? The nature of cyberbullying Intended to hurt -----aggressive intention Perceived as hurtful ICT-related arena

Bullying in research Prevalence Engagement in bullying/cyberbullying 10% in traditional bullying VS 2-3% in cyberbullying (Nordvik 2010) Engagement in bullying/cyberbullying Alignment between traditional bullying and cyberbullying Knowledge of cyber-safety active use of internet popularity of the students

Bullying in research Consequences of bullying Contributes to negative school climate substantially disrupts learning, causing damage to emotional wellbeing of students (Olweus 2005, 2012)

Societal responses Bruk Hue (Use Your Hand) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVlpg1vT5bQ

Challenges Lack of awareness Lack of reporting channels Anonymity on internet Lack of common methodology Relationship between traditional bullying and cyberbullying Practitioners training

An empirical study The comparative approach “The film approach” methods findings

Thank you!