documents Legislation Policy The Norwegian correctional service execution of sentence act 2002 Policy «Punishment that works – less crime - a safer society» Report to the Storting on Norwegian correctional services 2008 Good morning dear audience My name is Øyvind Alnæs – thank you for the invitation I m invited to talk about the Norwegian correctional service First I want to point out the two docments wich is the frame for the corectional service in Norway

The Norwegian correctional service organisational hierarchy Ministry of Justice and Public Security Department of Correctional services Central level Directorate of Norwegian Correctional Service 5 Regional offices Regional level This is how the service is organized Local level 44 Prisons + Netherlands 4092 places 17 Probation Offices

Prison Numbers Average daily number of prisoners and prison – population rate in some countries N Rate USA 2 145 100 666 Russian Fed. 626 177 433 England & Wales 85 442 146 Bulgaria 9 028 125 Norway 3 874 74 Some numbers to compare. We dont have many prisoners in Norway. There is 5,2 mill people in Norway Source: ICPS World Prison Brief, 2016 Facts and figures 3

Rehabilitation in legislation Art. 4 in the Act on the Execution of Sentences: “The Correctional Services shall by engaging in cooperation with other public services arrange for convicted persons and persons in custody on remand to receive the services to which they are statutorily entitled. Such cooperation shall lead to a coordinated effort to supply the needs of convicted persons and persons in custody on remand and to assist them to adjust to society.” Art 4 in the Act on execution of sentences is about rehabilitation

Discretionary power in implementation Principle of normality Central principles Discretionary power in implementation Principle of normality Progression towards release Reduce the use of prison sentence Import of services Rehabilitation Central principles for the punishment, first pointed out in the report to the Storting called «punishment that works « from 2008. The principles will lead to a safer society I will talk more about these principles now (skjønnsmessig kraft i gjennomføringen) Policy

Discretionary power in implementation The punishment is the deprivation of liberty Security: enough is enough Security regime - no stricter than necessary Principle of normality A life as normal as possible The basic thinkin in our model is that the punishment is the deprivation of liberty and that the Prison regime shall not be stricter than necessary. It it is the lack of libertry wich is the punishment then your life else should be a normal as possible - this will reduse harmfull effects of serving sentence in prison Necessary level of security - High vs. low security Reduce harmfull effects of loss of liberty Policy 6 6

A safer community High-security prison is necessary for some Better rehabilitation is necessary for all Punishment must come quickly The aim is to build a safer community Policy 7 7

Principle of normality Loss of freedom is the punishment, have access to all other rights as citizens Prison as training arena for mastery of life skills Give inmates influence related to important decisions in their own lifes living as close as possible to reality under guidance and training work training paying bills, buying food residential training participation in large-scale meetings and conflict mediation This principle is about preparing the inmates for a life as ordenary citizens Policy

Import of services Medical, educational, employment, clerical and library services are provided from outside Prisons do not have their own staff related to f.ex. medical service and education These services have their own organizational structure, but are incorporated in the prisons Local and municipal service-providers deliver services for reintegration better continuity more and better cross-connections in their budgets the services are part of the rights of any inhabitant in Norway Prisoners have the same right according to f.i. health care and education as anyone else Norway uses the import model for educational and health services: no specific employees of their own, but local educational and health services come into the prison at specific times. Policy

Inmate’s living conditions Addiction Low education Unemployment Homelessness Below povertyline 60 % 40 % 80 % 65 % Who are the prisoner ? Living conditions among prisoners is poor. This is vital knowledge according to serving sentence and rehabilitation Policy 10 10

Reintegration/rehabilitation – individual approach Focus on various aspects of rehabilitation work Special groups of inmates need different rehabilitation measures Current issues are health, housing, education, employment, reestablishment of relations and motivation for living a life without crime Suitable content of reintegrative measures Individual approach according to needs The rehabiltation work have an individual approach and try to meet the prisoners poor living conditions Policy

Progression towards release the seemless penal system Better progression in the penal implementation makes for better rehabilitation Progression through a sentence High security prisons Lower security prisons Halfway houses Probation offices A seemless system is the goal so the transfer from high security to more open facilities goes smoothly The progression is also about - regulations for leave, more parental guidance, more phone / visits / internet, better visiting facilities Policy

Reduce the use of prison Use of alternative measures to prison community service and split sentences detox programmes under court control (drug-court) home detention (no EM) electronic monitoring serving in a treatment institution Less use of traditional prison prevent less crime Policy

Public accept R E T R I B U T I O N G E N E R A L P R E V E N T I O N S P E C I A L P R E V E N T I O N I N C A P A C I T A T I O N R E H A B I L I T A T I O N Rehabilitation Retribution General prevention Incapacitation Special prevention Survey from 2007 among the population of Norway. One could cross off more than one answer to the question. Rehabilitation was mentioned most often as a goal for punishment of offenders. Special prevention had the lowest score, so people do not seem to believe in deterrence at an individual level. This may of course be an expression of the feeling that prison is too soft.

Staff Ca. 3,600 fte working in prisons Ca. 350 fte working in probation Ca. 440 fte in Staff Academy and ICT-service SOME 4600 PERSONS The students at the correctional services staff academy, training to become prison officers, are regarded as employees and receive full payment during their training. Staff 15 15

Prison officer training Two-year education at academic level Static and dynamic security work Psychology, sociology, criminology, law, social work, moral philosophy, re-integration work Conflict management, ethics and human rights, multicultural understanding Post-training courses in various working methods and programmes Salary during education Written tests on application day: i.a. why do we punish? What does tolerance mean to you? Which social problems are you interested in? Every year some 200 students are admitted from between 1200 and 2500 applicants. The students is trained to be the inmates personal officer – this means that he or she have a exstra responibility to inform, follow up, motivate and guide the inmate trough the sentence. Dynamic security is about knowing the inmate – understand who he is, how he react etc – then we can provide better security and better rehabilitation www.krus.no Staff 16

Recidivism Source: ”Retur”, Nordic Research Group, 2010 17

Thank you for your attention! Oyvind.alnaes@kriminalomsorg.no tel. +47 23301501 www.kriminalomsorgen.no 18 18