From War to Peace 1919-1928

Ch. 9.1 Notes “Postwar Havoc” Ch. 9.1 Warm-up Describe three effects of World War I.

A. The First Red Scare “100 Percent Americanism” Anti-foreign movement The rise of the Bolsheviks Russia becomes the Soviet Union Communist system established American reaction Fears turn from Huns to “Reds” Radicals act in the U.S. The “Red Scare” grips the nation The Palmer Raids A Mitchell Palmer hunts radicals Aliens faced deportation

B. Labor Strife Grows Postwar difficulties Labor’s losses Struggling economy hurts cause Public links communism and unions Labor’s losses Membership and power declines Major strikes of the era Seattle’s general strike Boston police strike John L. Lewis and the UMW

C. Limiting Immigration Job competition and Red Scare Nativists re-emerge Immigration control 1924 – National Origins Act Revival of the KKK Sacco and Vanzetti Anarchists become scapegoats

Ch. 9.2 Notes “A New Economic Era” Ch. 9.2 Warm-up Describe three events that demonstrated widespread fear on the part of Americans after WWI.

A. Ford Revolutionizes Industry 1920’s – Henry Ford’s Model T The assembly line Use of interchangeable parts More efficient production More people could afford The effect on industry Competition helped industry grow Use of assembly line techniques Productivity increases Welfare capitalism increases workers benefits

B. Industry Changes Society New auto-related businesses Gas, tires, glass, rubber, etc. Detroit becomes “car capital” Growth of suburbs reflect new movement of workers Tourist industry booms Florida land speculation

C. The New Consumer New products Creating demand New ways to pay Electrical appliances The radio opens new worlds Airplane revolutionizes travel Creating demand Growth of advertising Company sponsors New ways to pay Borrowing money not respectable Installment buying and credit Both become more common place

D. Weaknesses in the Economy “The Roaring Twenties” Reflected economic boom Farmers struggle Less demand European competition Boll weevil devastates crops 1927 – Mississippi river floods Florida land speculation Most destructive hurricane hits Florida goes into depression

Ch. 9.3 Notes “The Harding and Coolidge Presidencies” Ch. 9.3 Warm-up Describe three new developments during the 1920’s that impacted American society.

A. The Harding Presidency American self-sufficiency Harding as president charismatic but ineffective The election of 1920 Harding promises a “return to normalcy” Harding’s policies Less government in business Reduced taxes on wealthy Fordney-McCumber Tariff Tries to help farmers Scandal and sudden death Harding’s “Ohio Gang” The Teapot Dome Scandal Harding suffers heart attack

B. The Coolidge Presidency Coolidge’s background Interest in business and politics Governor of Massachusetts Coolidge in office Cleans up corruption and scandal Unshakable faith in business Limited government role Coolidge the man “Silent Cal” Chooses not to run again

C. The Lingering Effects of WWI The question of war debt Europe owes $10 billion to U.S. Germany cannot pay reparations U.S. provides loans to Germany Washington Naval Conference Britain & Japan – naval arms race 1921 – nations cut size of navies Charles Evans Hughes Sec. of State optimistic about peace Mitchell argues for air power Billy Mitchell sees potential in air power The Kellogg-Briand Pact 60 nations pledge not to use war