Treaty of Versailles CLOZE Notes 1 Nationalism Imperialism Alliances Militarism World War I These nationalistic feelings led to the actual event that ______________________ . A large Slavic population lived in both Serbia and Bosnia, and the ethnic group strongly desired their ______________________ , free from Austria-Hungary’s control. Nationalism was exceptionally high in ______________________ , a small nation south of Austria-Hungary, and in ______________________ , a region located in southern Austria-Hungary. Many Europeans began to feel that their ______________________ to all others. As countries ______________________ , a strong sense of nationalism emerged. Nationalism is when citizens ______________________ in their home country. The rush for land acquisition caused many European countries to ______________________ one another. ______________________ as countries tried to grab more and more colonies throughout Africa and Asia. Imperialism is when a country increases it power and wealth by ______________________ under its control. The other side were the Central Powers: Germany, ______________________ , Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire. When the war began, on one side were the Allies: Great Britain, France, Russia, ______________________ , and Belgium. If one member was attacked, the others were ______________________ . European countries made agreements with each other to better ______________________ . Tensions rose as countries watched each other ______________________ . Between ______________________ , Germany and France doubled the size of their armies, while Great Britain and Germany used their navies to compete for dominance of the seas. During this time, the military was ______________________ with the countries’ politics and economics. Countries had built strong militaries to ______________________ and their colonies, and militarism increased as countries competed with each other to build up their armies and navies. There are ______________________ of World War I... Even though the event that sparked the war is easy to pinpoint, the actual causes of WWI are complicated and ______________________ of the countries involved. World War I began in June 1914 and the fighting ______________________ . © Brain Wrinkles Treaty of Versailles CLOZE Notes 1

Treaty of Versailles CLOZE Notes 2 What Next? In Conclusion WWI Ends Outbreak of War The Treaty of Versailles was signed in Versailles, France on ______________________ and officially ended WWI. Germany’s treaty was the last one to be signed, and it forced Germany to ______________________ for the war. One by one, the Central Powers ______________________ with the Allies. When fighting ended in 1918, the Allied Powers were victorious, but all of Europe had suffered ______________________ . European countries had ______________________ towards one another and had joined alliances to protect themselves. They had developed ______________________ to protect their colonies. Europeans ______________________ in their countries. ______________________ in Asia and Africa helped lead to World War I because: In November 11, 1918, the ______________________ to the Allies and signed an armistice that ended the war. America’s entry into the war gave the Allies the ______________________ they needed to defeat the Central Powers. Europe suffered terrible destruction and ______________________ soldiers and civilians died. Both sides of the war believed it would be over in less than a year; unfortunately, it lasted over ______________________ . 48 hours after the assassination, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, which set off a ______________________ of European countries joining the war. The assassin was a Bosnian Serb who wanted to ______________________ from the Austro-Hungarian Empire and unite it with Serbia. On June 28, 1914, ______________________ , the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated. © Brain Wrinkles Treaty of Versailles CLOZE Notes 2

Treaty of Versailles CLOZE Notes 3 Resentment Military Reparations Land Punishment Even though the Treaty of Versailles ended World War I, the severe consequences given to Germany set events in motion that would eventually lead to ______________________ . Germany had ______________________ and was distrusted by other countries. As economic conditions throughout the country worsened, many Germans ______________________ . The majority of Germans ______________________ the harsh restrictions put in place by the Treaty of Versailles. Germany was also prohibited from ______________________ . In order to keep Germany weak, the treaty forced Germany to ______________________ and stop production of nearly all war materials. This was difficult for Germany to pay because it also had to ______________________ and infrastructure. Germany owed ______________________ in reparations. In addition to accepting the blame for starting the war, Germany had to ______________________ to other countries for the damages they had suffered as a result of the war. Germany also lost all of ______________________ . The majority of the land that was lost was ______________________ and could have been used to boost Germany’s poor economy. In signing the treaty, Germany had to give up one million square ______________________ , some of which had been seized by Germany prior to WWI. US President Woodrow Wilson and UK Prime Minister David Lloyd George were concerned a severe punishment would start another war, but the ______________________ . France had been devastated when Germany had invaded, and Clemenceau didn’t want Germany to ever be strong enough to ______________________ . France’s Prime Minister, Georges Clemenceau, pushed for ______________________ for Germany. The Treaty of Versailles was mainly negotiated and written by the ______________________ , with little input from Germany. © Brain Wrinkles Treaty of Versailles CLOZE Notes 3

Treaty of Versailles CLOZE Notes 4 Worldwide U.S. Depression Germany League of Nations As businesses and factories around the world ______________________ , buying and selling almost stopped. Stockholders in other countries could ______________________ their stocks to American companies When ______________________ , banks in other countries were hurt too When the US stopped buying goods, it ______________________ in other countries. Businesses around the world ______________________ . People couldn’t ______________________ to the bank, so they lost everything (homes, farms, etc.). Businesses could no longer sell their goods because people had less money to spend, so many had to close & workers ______________________ . Value of stocks began to drop so stockholders began to ______________________ as fast as they could. The United States suffered from the Great Depression beginning in October 1929 when the ______________________ . They also experienced ______________________ , a condition where prices rise and money loses purchasing power. These countries had borrowed money during the war, but now had no money to ______________________ . European economies were in terrible shape because they had suffered ______________________ and severe loss of life. Countries around the world fell into a ______________________ following World War I. Germany was not the only country who ______________________ . The Treaty of Versailles caused Germany to go through an ______________________ . As its people starved and the country lay in chaos, the Allies gave them a bill that they simply could ______________________ . The war had left Germany ______________________ . The League had ______________________ and turned out to be too weak. The US Senate ______________________ the Treaty of Versailles and never became a member of the League of Nations. Germany was not allowed to join until ______________________ . The Treaty of Versailles also created the ______________________ , a group of countries that promised to work together to make sure that another world war would not occur. © Brain Wrinkles Treaty of Versailles CLOZE Notes 4

Causes of WORLD WAR I © Brain Wrinkles

STANDARDS: SS6H7 The student will explain conflict and change in Europe to the 21st century. a. Describe major developments following World War I: the Russian Revolution, the Treaty of Versailles, worldwide depression, and the rise of Nazism.   © Brain Wrinkles

World War I World War I began in June 1914 and the fighting ended in November 1918. Even though the event that sparked the war is easy to pinpoint, the actual causes of WWI are complicated and intertwined with the histories of the countries involved. There are four M.A.I.N. causes of World War I... © Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

Militarism Countries had built strong militaries to protect themselves and their colonies, and militarism increased as countries competed with each other to build up their armies and navies. During this time, the military was given top priority with the countries’ politics and economics. Between 1870 and 1914, Germany and France doubled the size of their armies, while Great Britain and Germany used their navies to compete for dominance of the seas. Tensions rose as countries watched each other build up military power. © Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

Alliances European countries made agreements with each other to better protect themselves. If one member was attacked, the others were obligated to help. When the war began, on one side were the Allies: Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, and Belgium. The other side were the Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire. © Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

Imperialism Imperialism is when a country increases it power and wealth by acquiring new lands under its control. Rivalries developed as countries tried to grab more and more colonies throughout Africa and Asia. The rush for land acquisition caused many European countries to resent and distrust one another. © Brain Wrinkles

Nationalism Nationalism is when citizens feel fierce pride in their home country. As countries expanded their empires, a strong sense of nationalism emerged. Many Europeans began to feel that their nation was superior to all others. © Brain Wrinkles

Nationalism Nationalism was exceptionally high in Serbia, a small nation south of Austria-Hungary, and in Bosnia, a region located in southern Austria-Hungary. A large Slavic population lived in both Serbia and Bosnia, and the ethnic group strongly desired their own country, free from Austria-Hungary’s control. These nationalistic feelings led to the actual event that sparked World War I. © Brain Wrinkles

Outbreak of War On June 28, 1914, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated. The assassin was a Bosnian Serb who wanted to free Bosnia from the Austro-Hungarian Empire and unite it with Serbia. 48 hours after the assassination, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, which set off a chain reaction of European countries joining the war. © Brain Wrinkles

Archduke Franz Ferdinand with his Wife, Sophie, and 3 Children 1910 © Brain Wrinkles

WWI Ends Both sides of the war believed it would be over in less than a year; unfortunately, it lasted over four years. Europe suffered terrible destruction and over 22 million soldiers and civilians died. America’s entry into the war gave the Allies the extra power they needed to defeat the Central Powers. In November 11, 1918, the Central Powers surrendered to the Allies and signed an armistice that ended the war. © Brain Wrinkles

Celebrating the End of WWI © Brain Wrinkles

In Conclusion European empire building in Asia and Africa helped lead to World War I because: Europeans felt fierce pride in their countries. They had developed strong militaries to protect their colonies. European countries had built up resentments towards one another and had joined alliances to protect themselves. © Brain Wrinkles

The Treaty of Versailles © Brain Wrinkles

What Next? When fighting ended in 1918, the Allied Powers were victorious, but all of Europe had suffered terrible destruction. One by one, the Central Powers signed treaties with the Allies. Germany’s treaty was the last one to be signed, and it forced Germany to accept the blame for the war. The Treaty of Versailles was signed in Versailles, France on June 28, 1919 and officially ended WWI. © Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

Punishment The Treaty of Versailles was mainly negotiated and written by the leaders of the Allies, with little input from Germany. France’s Prime Minister, Georges Clemenceau, pushed for harsh punishment for Germany. France had been devastated when Germany had invaded, and Clemenceau didn’t want Germany to ever be strong enough to start another war. US President Woodrow Wilson and UK Prime Minister David Lloyd George were concerned a severe punishment would start another war, but the concerns were ignored. © Brain Wrinkles

The Big Four © Brain Wrinkles

Land In signing the treaty, Germany had to give up one million square miles of land, some of which had been seized by Germany prior to WWI. The majority of the land that was lost was rich in natural resources and could have been used to boost Germany’s poor economy. Germany also lost all of its colonies. © Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

Reparations In addition to accepting the blame for starting the war, Germany had to pay reparations to other countries for the damages they had suffered as a result of the war. Germany owed $33 billion in reparations. This was difficult for Germany to pay because it also had to rebuild its own economy and infrastructure. © Brain Wrinkles

Military In order to keep Germany weak, the treaty forced Germany to limit its military and stop production of nearly all war materials. Germany was also prohibited from joining with Austria. © Brain Wrinkles

Resentment The majority of Germans strongly resented the harsh restrictions put in place by the Treaty of Versailles. As economic conditions throughout the country worsened, many Germans began protesting. Germany had become isolated and was distrusted by other countries. Even though the Treaty of Versailles ended World War I, the severe consequences given to Germany set events in motion that would eventually lead to World War II. © Brain Wrinkles

Excerpt from a German newspaper on the day the treaty was signed... “Today in the Hall of Mirrors of Versailles the disgraceful Treaty is being signed. Do not forget it. The German people will press forward to reconquer the place among nations to which we deserve. Then will come revenge for the shame of 1919.” © Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

League of Nations The Treaty of Versailles also created the League of Nations, a group of countries that promised to work together to make sure that another world war would not occur. Germany was not allowed to join until 1926. The US Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and never became a member of the League of Nations. The League had no enforcement powers and turned out to be too weak. © Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

Worldwide Depression © Brain Wrinkles

Germany The war had left Germany almost bankrupt. As its people starved and the country lay in chaos, the Allies gave them a bill that they simply could not afford to pay. The Treaty of Versailles caused Germany to go through an economic depression. © Brain Wrinkles

Depression Germany wasn’t the only country who suffered. Countries around the world fell into a worldwide depression following World War I. European economies were in terrible shape because they had suffered property damage and severe loss of life. These countries had borrowed money during the war, but now had no money to repay those debts. They also experienced inflation, a condition where prices rise and money loses purchasing power. © Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

U.S. The United States suffered from the Great Depression beginning in October 1929 when the stock market crashed. Value of stocks began to drop so stockholders began to sell their stocks as fast as they could. Businesses could no longer sell their goods because people had less money to spend, so many had to close & workers lost their jobs. People couldn’t repay their loans to the bank, so they lost everything (homes, farms, etc.). © Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

Worldwide Businesses around the world traded with the US. When the US stopped buying goods, it hurt businesses in other countries. When US banks closed, banks in other countries were hurt, too. Stockholders in other countries could no longer sell their stocks to American companies As businesses and factories around the world closed one by one, buying and selling almost stopped. © Brain Wrinkles

A Novel Event Book Description: Directions: Create a historical fiction book based on one of the M.A.I.N. causes of WWI. Write the title and draw a historically accurate illustration of the cause/event on the cover. Inside the textbox, write a description of the book. Book Description: © Brain Wrinkles

Treaty of Versailles Two Viewpoints Allies Germany Directions: On the left lens, write how the Allies feel about the Treaty of Versailles. In the right lens, write how Germany feels about the treaty. Include a small illustration or symbol to summarize each viewpoint. Allies Germany Treaty of Versailles © Brain Wrinkles

History Storyboard Directions: Create a storyboard that shows Germany’s role in the major events of this time period (WWI, Treaty of Versailles, & Worldwide Depression). Write a caption and draw an illustration to portray each event. 1. _______________________________ 2. _______________________________ 3. _______________________________ 4. _______________________________ 5. _______________________________ 6. _______________________________ © Brain Wrinkles

Comprehension Check Treaty of Versailles 1. When did WWI begin and end? 2. What are the four M.A.I.N. causes of WWI? 3. Which treaty was signed by Germany and the Allied Powers and officially ended WWI? 4. Which country did the Treaty of Versailles force to accept the blame of WWI? 5. Besides taking responsibility for the war, what other restrictions did the treaty impose? 6. Why did France push for harsh punishment of Germany? 7. How did the majority of Germans feel about the treaty’s restrictions? 8. What group did the Treaty of Versailles establish? 9. What was the purpose of this group? 10. Which of the Treaty of Versailles terms impacted Germany’s economy the most? 11. What happened to many countries’ currencies during the worldwide depression? © Brain Wrinkles Comprehension Check Treaty of Versailles

Name: Name: #Emojis #Emojis Create an emoticon to depict each of the following: causes of WWI, Treaty of Versailles, & worldwide depression . On the back of this slip, describe the importance of each emoji. Create an emoticon to depict each of the following: causes of WWI, Treaty of Versailles, & worldwide depression . On the back of this slip, describe the importance of each emoji. © Brain Wrinkles © Brain Wrinkles