Enrico Grazzi Lingua e Traduzione Inglese I LCMC 6 Cfu A.A. 2016-17

Procedural Meaning of linguistic events Lesson 2 Mar. 7, 2017 Dell Hymes (1972) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell_Hymes Procedural Meaning of linguistic events Dell Hymes (1972): SPEAKING Model

Poetic Language Thomas Gray (1751) Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea, The ploughman homeward plods his weary way, And leaves the world to darkness and to me.

Poetic Language Robert Burns (1787) A Red, Red Rose O my Luve is like a red, red rose That’s newly sprung in June; O my Luve is like the melody That’s sweetly played in tune.

Linguistic Relativism and Determinism Edward Sapir & Benjamin Lee Whorf The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (SWH): 1st part: different languages construe the world differently and these differences are encoded in the language. (Linguistic diversity: arbitrary relationship between signifier and signified) 2nd part: our language has a bearing on the way we think: the terms of our language have some kind of effect on the categories of thought available to us.

Habitual Cognition John Lucy [It] is not that languages completely or permanently blind speakers to other aspects of reality. Rather they provide speakers with a systematic default bias in their habitual response tendencies. (2005: 307)

Language, ideology and point of view Paul Simpson An ideology therefore derives from the taken-for-granted assumptions, beliefs and value systems which are shared collectively by social groups. And when an ideology is the ideology of a particularly powerful social group, it is said to be dominant. (1993: 5)

Thought processes and metaphors George Lakoff & Mark Johnson Our thought processes are structured along metaphorical lines. (1980) E.g. for a verbal argument we use words like: attack; defend; won; lost; etc. Metaphor: ARGUMENT IS WAR Metaphor structure how we think about arguments. The words we use are evidence of the way we think.