Section B: The Indo-Iranian Branch

Indo-Iranian Indic: Hindi 15 Others Iranian Farsi Pashto Kurdish

The Iranian Languages Green - Farsi Purple – Pashto Turquoise – Kurdish Red – Lurish Yellow - Baloch The Iranian Languages

The Indian Languages

Hypothesize: Why would people in the same country speak so many different languages?

What is Linguistic Fragmentation?

Linguistic Fragmentation occurs when people in a country speak many different languages. This is often caused by physical or cultural barriers.

Papua, New Guinea has over 850 languages making it the most linguistically diverse place on earth.

Predict: How would people in a linguistically diverse country have a central government?

Many countries that experience linguistic fragmentation also have an official language. India’s official language is English.

What is an official language?

An official language is the language used by the government when making laws, reports, public objects, money, and stamps.

Why would India’s official language be English? Answer: Colonization by England

An official language is not always the majority language of an area. Example: New Zealand’s Official Language is only spoken by 5% of the Population

Example: Switzerland has Four: German, French, Italian, and Romansch Some countries have more than one official language. Example: Switzerland has Four: German, French, Italian, and Romansch

Section B: The European Branch

Romance Languages Germanic Languages Slavic Languages French Spanish Italian Romanian Portuguese Germanic Languages English, German, Danish, Norwegian Swedish Slavic Languages Russian Polish Czech Ukrainian Slovenian Serbo-Croatian

Basque is a language isolate.

What is a language isolate?

They are like a language family of only one language. A language isolate is a language that is not related to any other language around it. They are like a language family of only one language.

Part 3: The English Language

English as a Global Lingua Franca The English Language The Origins of English Diffusion of English American English English as a Global Lingua Franca Toponymy

Section A: The Origins of English

Review: What language family and language branch is English a part of?

The Origins of the English Language

Where did English come from? Germanic Tribes Latin Old Norse Norman French Celtic Tribes Where did English come from?

Old English Middle English Modern English 450CE-1100CE

The Lord’s Prayer in Old English Fæder ure þu þe eart on heofonum; Si þin nama gehalgod to becume þin rice gewurþe ðin willa on eorðan swa swa on heofonum. urne gedæghwamlican hlaf syle us todæg and forgyf us ure gyltas swa swa we forgyfað urum gyltendum and ne gelæd þu us on costnunge ac alys us of yfele soþlice

The Lord’s Prayer in Middle English Oure fadir that art in heuenes, halewid be thi name; thi kyndoom come to; be thi wille don in erthe as in heuene: gyue to us this dai oure breed ouer othir substaunce; and forgyue to us oure dettis, as we forgyuen to oure gettouris; and lede us not in to temptacioun, but delyuere us fro yuel.

Section B: The Diffusion of English

Map of Great Britain and its Colonies

Connect: What types of diffusion may explain the movement of English from place to place. Explain.

The Diffusion of English Britain British Colonies United States United States Annexes (Philippines) The Diffusion of English

Hypothesize: Does English sound the same wherever it is spoken?