CH34 The Shadow of War US Isolationism Latin America Why? Disillusionment Fear of Foreign Entanglements Fear of another WWI Latin America “Good Neighbor Policy” Neutrality Acts (1935, 36, 37) US Companies Steer Clear of Belligerent Nations

Isolationism Challenged Italy Attacks Ethiopia(1935) Spanish Civil War(1936-39) Japan Invades China(1937) Germany Sudetenland Czechoslovakia Japan Sinks the USS Panay

From Isolation to Intervention World War II Begins 9/1/39 – Germany Invades Poland Britain and France Declare War Neutrality Act of 1939 Cash & Carry Policy – No Loans No US Ships Involved Lend Lease Bill(1940) “The Arsenal of Democracy” Atlantic Charter (1941) “Fourteen Points” of WWII

“Surprise” Japanese Attack at Pearl Harbor(12/7/41) US Enters WWII “Surprise” Japanese Attack at Pearl Harbor(12/7/41) “A day that will live in Infamy…” US Oil Embargo imposed in Oct.

Response Anti-Japanese Sentiments However… Germany = Bigger Threat Especially on West Coast Internment Camps Japanese Citizen Safety Fear of Insurgents Korematsu v. US Internment okay Suspension of Habeas Corpus However… Germany = Bigger Threat Then Japanese in Pacific

Gearing Up For War Fighting A War on Two Fronts US moves to Mobilize Orders for War Products End the Great Depression War Production Board Gov’t Coordinates with Industry From Manpower to Womanpower Women step into industry Prove themselves/Gain Respect 2/3 return to the home after war Paid lower $

Minorities Make Headway African Americans – “The Double V” Segregated front line units Native Americans Serve on all fronts Navajo – “Code Talkers”

Halting Hitler Soviets Join The Allies Breaking the Enigma Cipher

Attacking the Soft “Under Belly” North Africa to Italy(1942-1943) Gen. D. Eisenhower Allies take N. Africa in May 1943 Allies Invade Italy Mussolini Overthrown Allies Press Toward Rome Rome (June 1944)

D-Day – June 6, 1944 Allies Invade Airborne/Amphibious Largest ever.

Pushing Towards Berlin Allies’ push West – From France East – Soviet Union Battle of the Bulge (1944-45) Ardenne Forest, Belgium Opens the door for the final push into Germany

Encountering the Holocaust

Ending the War in Europe Allies Reach Berlin (April 25, 1945) Leaderless Armies April 12th – FDR dies of a Stroke VP Harry Truman takes over April 28th Mussolini is executed April 30th Hitler commits suicide

War in the Pacific Japan Expands its Empire War At Sea Island after island US loses Guam & Philippines Bataan Death March War At Sea Battle of Coral Sea (1942) Battle of Midway (1942) = Turning Point Kamikaze Attacks

US Pushes Back Guadacanal (1942) Island Hopping Take smaller islands Build airbases Get closer to Japan Marinas Islands

Ending the War with Japan Bombing Japan’s Mainland Tokyo 83k dead 250k buildings destroyed Philippines Retaken (1944) Iwo Jima (Airfield) Okinawa 50k casualties

The Bomb The Potsdam Conference August 6, 1945 August 9, 1945 Truman finds out “the bomb” works Japan: Surrender or Be Destroyed August 6, 1945 Hiroshima 70,000 dead instantly 180,000 total August 9, 1945 Nagasaki 80,000 killed Japan Surrenders September 2, 1945 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AtSt5XZ7fq4

WWII’s Effect on America Minor compared to Europe/Japan America’s homeland remains untouched American Casualties lower Victory was Achieved by American Mobilization Gov’t+Private sector Armed Forces Abundant Resources Community sacrifice Scrap Drives Rationing

War also raised expectations for groups that contributed to the Cause African-Americans (Civil Rights late 40’s-50’s) Women (“Liberation Movement late 50’s-60’s) Hispanic-Americans (60’s-80’s)