Kingdom Protista 1

Protista & Fungi Unit Goals 2 SB1: Students will analyze the nature of relationships between structures and functions in living cells. a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction. SB3: Students will derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems. b. Compare how structures and function vary between the six kingdoms. c. Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems. d. Compare and contrast viruses with living organisms.

3 Protista Domain: Eukarya Eukaryotic organisms

Evolution of Eukaryotic Organisms Endosymbiosis 4 Evolution of Eukaryotic Organisms

Lack complex organ systems Kingdom Protista 5 Single-Celled Multicellular Eukaryotic Can be pathogens Have a Nucleus heterotrophic or autotrophic (or both) Generally aquatic: Fresh or marine Lack complex organ systems

Kingdom Protista 6 single celled organisms

Method of Nutrition Animal-like Fungi-like Plant-like 7 Absorption Heterotrophic Autotrophic

8 Plant-Like Protozoa CLIP Animal-Like Fungi-Like

Animal-Like 9 Classified based on Means of Locomotion How they move

Method of Locomotion 10 Pseudopodia Cilia Flagella “false” “foot” cytoplasmic streaming

Contractile Vacuole Animation 11 Move by Cillia Anal Pore Waste Removal Locomotion Food Enters Helps regulate water level Contractile Vacuole Animation Paramecium

Move by Pseudopods “False Feet” 13

-made of protein filaments 14 Move by Flagella -made of protein filaments

Malaria Clip Non-Motile 15 Cryptosporidium Plasmodium falciparum Causes Malaria Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Clip

Protista Paramecium

Plant-Like Most unicellular, but some multicellular 16 Most unicellular, but some multicellular Autotrophic – contain chlorophyll & make food by photosynthesis Range in size from microscopic to seaweeds hundreds of feet in length

17 Single celled algae Volvox Spirogyra Chlamydomonas

When the numbers of algae in a lake or a river increase explosively. 18 Algal Bloom p509 Can be a result of an excess of nutrients Can decrease dissolved oxygen content

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20 Multicellular

Euglena 21 Detects light Most live in freshwater, but some live in moist soil & the digestive tracts of certain animals Contractile vacuole to pump out excess water Can be heterotrophic in the absence of light

22 Diatoms Have cell walls made of “glass”

Diatoms 23

Fungi-Like water molds Slime molds Multicellular, heterotrophic 24 water molds Slime molds Multicellular, heterotrophic Little tissue specialization Usually small & live in moist or watery habitats Act as decomposers breaking down dead organic matter

Slime molds 25 Feed by absorption- -break down dead organic matter May be saprophytes or parasites Make a reproductive structure or fruiting body that produces spores Often found on decaying wood or leaves

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Water Molds 27 Aquatic water molds are parasites on fish forming furry growths on their gills May act as decomposers in water of dead plants & animals May be pathogenic to plants Phytophthora infestans caused blight in potatoes (Irish Potato Famine in 19th century)

28 Symbiosis Termites

Red tides are caused by population explosions of certain dinoflagellates that release a neurotoxin into the environment. Shellfish concentrate this toxin and it can kill people who eat the contaminated shellfish. 29 "harmful algal bloom"

Protista Plant Pathogen Produce oxygen Eukaryotic Auto or hetero 30 Source of food Plant Pathogen Human diseases Produce oxygen Protista Eukaryotic Termite Guts Beginning of food chain Auto or hetero Chemical and Medicines

Kingdom Protista 31 Asexual Reproduction “Binary fission”: when an individual splits into 2 identical individuals. Fragmentation

Kingdom Protista Sexual Reproduction 32 conjugation = when 2 individuals exchange micronuclei results in genetic mixing and “new” genotypes Production of haploid gametes 32

Comparing Structures in Protists 33

Intro to Fungi & Protista Review Video Clip (p5)