Measuring Electrical Energy

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Presentation transcript:

Measuring Electrical Energy Ch. 11

3 Important Terms Energy: the ability to do work Electrical Energy: energy transferred to an electrical load by moving electric charges. (symbol is E) Joule (J): unit for measuring energy. Because a joule is so small, energy is also measured in much larger units such as the watt hour and the kilowatt hour.

Calculating electrical Energy Electrical Energy = Voltage x Electrical Current x Time Interval E = V x I (amps) x t (sec) E = V x I x t E = V x I x t

E= V x I x t A Question to try Calculate the energy released from a battery in a flashlight bulb that was switched on for 4.5 hours, in which the voltage drop was 6V and the current flowing through the bulb was 0.35A. V= 6V (volts) Current= 0.35A (amperes) Time= 4.6 Hours E= V x I x t Where is the problem with our numbers and the formula? We need t (time) in seconds

Converting hours to seconds 1 hour has 60 minutes 1 minute has 60 seconds 60 x 60 = 3600 seconds So 1 hour has 3600 seconds (1 x 3600). 2 hours would have 7200 sec (2 x 3600). Multiply each hour by 3600.

Back to our question E = ?J V = 6V I = 0.35A T = 4.5 hours 4.5 x 3600= 16200 sec E = V x I x t E = 6V x 0.35A x 16200sec E = 34020 joules The energy released from the flashlight is 34 020 joules.

The Rate at which Energy is Used Electrical power is used by us every day When you think about power – it means, how rapidly an appliance is using up electrical energy. Ex. A 300w bulb uses up 3 times as much electrical energy as a 100w bulb.

Calculating Electrical power (P) The symbol for electrical power is P and the unit for power is the watt (W). Power = Voltage Drop x Current P = V x I

Another triangle P = V x I V = P I I = P V P V I

Calculate the Power of a vacuum cleaner if the operating voltage is 120V and the current flowing through it is 7.90A. P= V x I P= 120V x 7.90A P= 948 Watts (W) The power used by the vacuum cleaner is 948 Watts. Calculate the Voltage of a computer that has 600W of power and 1.9A flowing into the monitor. V= P / I V= 600 W / 1.9 A V= 315.8 volts The voltage of the computer is 315.8 volts.