The basic structure that makes up all living organisms The Cell The basic structure that makes up all living organisms

The Discovery of the Cell The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things. The structures that make up a cell are called organelles. 1665: Robert Hooke looked at cork he saw "little rooms" that he called cells 

Understanding Cells Anton van Leeuwenhoek Matthius Schleiden Used a simple microscope to see moving objects that he called "animalcules." He was actually looking at bacteria. Matthius Schleiden Botanist who studied the parts of plant cells. Determined that all plants are made of cells Theodore Schwann: Zoologist who studied animals. Determined that all animals are made of cells Rudolf Virchow: All living cells come from other living cells.

The Cell Theory All living things are made of cells Cells only come from other living cells. Living cells are the basic unit of structure for all living things.

Typical _______ Cell 1 13 2 12 3 4 11 5 10 6 7 9 8

Plant Typical _______ Cell nucleolus Nuclear membrane mitochondrion nucleus endoplasmic reticulum ribosome cell membrane chromosome cell wall cytoplasm Chloroplasts vacuole

1 Typical ________________ Cell 12 2 11 10 3 9 4 8 7 5 6

Animal Typical ________________ Cell nucleolus chromosome nucleus mitochondrion ribosome vacuole nuclear membrane endoplasmic reticulum cell membrane cytoplasm lysosome

Cell Part Description Function Plant, Animal, Both Strong, stiff, nonliving layer outside the cell membrane; in plants, made of cellulose (a carbohydrate) Cell Membrane Supports and protects the cell Cell Wall Plant Outer layer, living, elastic, flexible, contains pores (a barrier made of lipids) Controls movement into and out of the cell Both

Cell Part Description Function Plant, Animal, Both Region between the nucleus and the cell membrane; consists of a jellylike substance that contains many organelles Nucleus Moves organelles and various materials throughout the cell Cytoplasm Both Large oval structure in the cell. Bounded by a nuclear membrane. Contains chromosomes and a nucleolus Control Center. Regulates all activities of the cell Both

Cell Part Description Function Plant, Animal, Both Nucleolus One of a set of structures found in the nucleus; made of DNA, plus some protein Place where ribosomes are made Small dark area found in the nucleus Both Directs cell activities. Passes traits of the cell to new cells. Stores information needed to build proteins Both Chromosomes

Cell Part Description Function Plant, Animal, Both Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) Small, grainlike body made primarily of RNA; may be attached to the E.R. or floating free in cytoplasm; produced in nucleolus Place where proteins are made System of clear tubular passageways that spread throughout the cytoplasm Transports material throughout the cell Both Ribosomes Both

Cell Part Description Function Plant, Animal, Both Oval-shaped organelles; located in the cytoplasm; has a smooth outer membrane and a greatly folded inner membrane Both Vacuole Respiration, where chemical energy in food is released. Mitochondrion Stores food, water, wastes and other materials (in plants they keep the cell firm) Large, round water filled sac in the cytoplasm Both

Cell Part Description Function Plant, Animal, Both Lysosome Animal, rare in plant Captures energy in sunlight and uses it to produce food (photosynthesis) Plant Small round sacs in cytoplasm, contains digestive enzymes. Breaks down food, old cell parts, cells that are dead, injured, or both. Large, green structure in the cytoplasm that contain chlorophyll Chloroplast

Mitosis The process of cell division, where one cell divides into 2 identical cells Controlled by the nucleus

Two Divisions of Cells Eukaryote Prokaryote Cells with a nucleus to hold genetic material Typically larger than prokaryote Prokaryote Cells without a nucleus Typically very small

Plants All Chloroplast Mitochondria CO2 + H2O + Sunlight O2 + C6H12O6 O2 + C6H12O6 CO2 + H2O + ATP

Cell Specialization Organelles Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems (nucleus, chloroplasts) Cells 1st Level (blood cells, skin cells, nerve cells) Tissues 2nd (muscle tissue, scar tissue) Organs 3rd (Pancreas, Heart, Liver, Lungs) Organ Systems (Respiratory system, immune system, circulatory system) 4th Organism 5th

Extra for copies or the future.

Cell Specialization _____________________ 1st Level 2nd _____________________ 3rd _____________________ 4th _____________________ 5th

Problems with the Cell Theory Questions: What are viruses? How are they different from cells? Explain how viruses are the exception to the cell theory. Are viruses living? (opinion) Meter Millimeter Micrometer Nanometer