TAXONOMY The Science of Plant Classification I will be able to determine how plants are classified by classifying plants.

GOALS of TAXONOMY IDENTIFY all members of the plant kingdom Estimated - 400,000 (known species) to 5 million species of plants NAME all plants ARRANGE plants into a HIERARCHY that indicates their TRUE relationship to another

Common vs. Scientific Names ADVANTAGES: Easy to say, spell Sometimes descriptive DISADVANTAGES: Not unique to plant Varies regionally, from country to country, language to language Does not show “True” relationship ADVANTAGES: One name per plant - binomial (Genus species) Well known universal language among scholars Dead language DISADVANTAGES : Harder to pronounce and spell It doesn’t matter how you pronounce it, but it is important how you spell it!

HISTORY of PLANT CLASSIFICATION ARTIFICIAL CLASSIFICATION NATURAL CLASSIFICATION PHYLOGENTIC CLASSIFICATION

ARTIFICIAL CLASSIFICATION Form and Use Ancient Greeks THEOPHRASTUS (371-287 BCE) Father of Botany Trees, shrubs, herbs, etc. DIOSCORIDES (40-90 CE) Medicinal plants (600)

ARTIFICIAL CLASSIFICATION Middle Ages Monocots vs. dicots Vascular vs. non-vascular Descriptive names Herbalists Herbariums

ARTIFICIAL CLASSIFICATION LINNAEUS (1707-1778) Binomial Nomenclature System based on the flower and sexual parts

NATURAL CLASSIFICATION System based on MORPHOLOGY of plant parts (shape or form) French Botanists Used today, although not considered “true relationships”, but closer

PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION Based on TRUE GENETIC relationships of plants CHARLES DARWIN (1809-1882 CE) Origin of Species (1859) Theory of Evolution explained Natural Selection as a means of adaptation

TAXONOMY TODAY Made up of NATURAL and PHYLOGENETIC classification Governed by International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) Rules for naming plants Revised as new evidence becomes available Dynamic – ever changing system Based on observations and systematic gathering of evidence

Review Write the following questions on the left side of your notebook: What are the 3 types of Classifications? Explain. What classifications do we use today? Complete the summary page for your notes

Assignment Natural Systems of Classification Assignment