Higher History Issue 2 - Success of the Liberal Reforms

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Labour would not have grown powerful without the First World War
Advertisements

The Liberal Reforms.
The Liberal Reforms Last Minute revision Why were people worried about poverty? Before the 1890s – poverty was seen as the fault of those who were.
The Liberal Reforms 2 How successful were the reforms?
Liberal Reforms Revision – Mind Maps!.
Lesson Starter What has the Central Government done to tackle poverty? Have these policies worked?
Britain The Liberal Reforms
Why did the Liberals introduce welfare reforms?
The New Liberal Reforms
Liberal Reforms Motives Essay
The Liberal Reforms
Liberal Welfare Reforms
Liberal Reforms: Assessment 2. Poverty caused by Unemployment.
Liberal Reforms A Success?
Liberal Reforms. Learning Intention Investigate the Liberal Reforms 1909 – 1930.
Effectiveness of the Liberal Reforms
From the Cradle to the Grave The Interwar Years
How effectively did the Liberal Government
“The labouring classes constitute the main part of our population. They should be protected in their efforts peaceably to assert their rights when endangered.
Liberal Reforms – Success? Essay Plan
National Insurance Act (Sickness) Max Thompson. What did it consist of? A state organised scheme where both workers and their employers contributed into.
SOCIAL SERVICES BEFORE , Old Age Pensions Act. People aged over 70 were entitled to a small pension, providing their income fell below prescribed.
Liberal Reforms – Children By Callum Morrison. Background  A study of poverty in 1901 by Seebohm Rowntree found that in a society where those who didn't.
How successful were Liberal social reforms in dealing with poverty?
Issue 4: Assessment of the Liberal Reforms. Learning Objectives To evaluate the overall impact of the Liberal Reforms on the young, the old, the sick.
The Old. Did the Liberal Reforms meet the needs of the old? NOT FULLY They did introduce the Old Age Pensions but the act had many failings.
The Liberal Reforms The Liberals aimed to help four main groups of people, who they believed were ‘deserving poor’ – i.e. the poor who deserved.
LIBERAL WELFARE REFORMS Motivation New Liberalism Booth and Rowntree National Efficiency Continuing with Conservative reforms Threat from new Labour.
National Insurance Today we will understand the Liberal reforms on behalf of the unemployed, specifically the National Insurance Act Lesson starter: Name.
Liberal Reforms Lesson starter: “It is the government’s responsibility to support and protect those in need.” Do you agree with the above statement? Give.
Britain: Higher History Britain: The Successes of the Liberal Reforms How successful were the Liberal reforms of ? An assessment essay.
Liberal Reforms, Paper 2 Year 11 Liberal Reforms, In the following lessons we will study … Attitudes to poverty in early 20 th C Britain.
P APER 2 REVISION Topic 1: The Liberal Reforms. T EST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
To what extent did the Liberal Reforms create a Welfare State? (24 Marks) By Jim Pang & Oliver Lycos Corbett.
ACT/EVENTSCholera OutbreaksSTATS/FACTSIMPACT 1848 – Public Health Act1) ,000 people died, it started in Sunderland and then it spread nationwide.
Unemployment. Seen as a moral problem caused by individual idleness- idea of self help ‘New Liberalism’: ‘The state had a moral duty to intervene positively.
1 How successful were the Liberal Reforms? Founding the Welfare State?
Were the Liberal Social Reforms a turning point?
The Liberal Reforms – Children
Lesson Starter What has the Central Government done to tackle poverty?
Why could these 4 clues lead to social change in 1900?
What is poverty? "People are living in poverty if their income and resources (material, cultural and social) are so inadequate as to preclude them from.
Cradle to the Grade Key Revision points.
Assessment of the Reforms Essay outline
Social security measures in India
The Liberal Welfare Reforms: What do you know?.
Higher History Britain: The Successes of the Liberal Reforms
We are learning to… Examine whether government policies to reduce inequalities have been successful. 1.
Poverty and the Welfare State The Welfare state
Lloyd George’s National Insurance Act (1911) — sick pay was 10 shillings a week for 26 weeks The poster was published in 1911 to get people to support.
Objective 3.01 Understand employment law
Social Welfare in Britain 1890s to 1951
20-1 EXCEL BOOKS SOCIAL SECURITY.
Rights and entitlements of the sna
Starter Quiz 1. What did Harold Gillies develop?
Labour Reforms Assessment Essay.
Britain
4. The Unemployed National Insurance Part 2: Knowledge
4. The Unemployed National Insurance Part 2: Knowledge
Liberal Welfare Reforms
Higher History:Essay Skills
Higher History Britain: The Successes of the Liberal Reforms
Higher History Britain: The Successes of the Liberal Reforms
Why could these 4 clues lead to social change in 1900?
Objective 3.01 Understand employment law
Higher History:Essay Skills
SOCIAL SECURITY INTRODUCTION
Component 1 Study Visit The Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, its responsibilities and subordinate authorities Pavel Janeček, Head of the International.
CHALLENGE POVERTY WEEK 7-13 October 2019 Lesson plan: Secondary
Presentation transcript:

Higher History Issue 2 - Success of the Liberal Reforms

How successful were the Liberal reforms? Task 1 First Page - How successful were the Liberal reforms? Leave 2 pages between each heading- Introduction Factor 1 - Reforms for the Young Factor 2 - Reforms for the Old Factor 3 - Reforms for the Sick Factor 4 - Reforms for the Unemployed Factor 5 - Reforms for the Employed

Which 4-5 areas did the Liberals target? Introduction Background - What help was available before the reforms? Booth and Rowntree The Victorian Workhouse.mp4 Changing attitudes Factors Which 4-5 areas did the Liberals target? Line of argument The Liberals tackled some areas more successfully than others. The Liberals were mostly successful in tackling the problem of poverty. Given how revolutionary the reforms were at the time, it is important not to judge the Liberal reforms too harshly. The Liberal reforms left too many exceptions to be considered a success.

Section 1 - The Young

What actions did the Liberal government take? What evidence is there that these reforms were successful? What arguments can be made to dispute the success of the Liberal reforms in regards to the young? p56-57 p127-129 p55-58 p98-99

School Meals Negative Positive

Medical Inspections Positive Negative

Children's Charter Positive Negative

School Meals Medical Inspections Provision of School Meals Act 1906, Local authorities - rates, one meal per day during term. Positive - By 1914 14 million free school meals were being provided. Therefore it can be argued that a large number of children were being properly fed for the first time. They would be better able to concentrate and therefore have more chance of gaining a better education and a route out of poverty. Negative - As the scheme was voluntary, many councils (2/3 by 1911) had not taken up the scheme. Therefore, many children who needed free meals were excluded. Furthermore, the meals were only available during term time, thus children suffered during the holidays. Education Act 1907, 3 inspections per child, 1912 - clinics established in schools to treat problems. Medical Inspections Positive - The inspections meant that medical problems were being identified, and after 1912, many children were treated at school. Negative - Whilst problems were diagnosed, before 1912 they were not treated.

Children's Charter Evaluation Set age limits for drinking, smoking and fireworks. Children were banned from begging. Juvenile courts and borstals set up. Children's Charter Positive - This was a huge step forward as it showed the government's determination to protect children. Adult prisons had been dangerous and intimidating places for juveniles, and having separate facilities made the penal system safer. Negative - Age limits were difficult to enforce, and many parents resented the government telling them what they could and couldn't do with their children. Evaluation 'The Government was little by little accepting responsibility...From small reforms like meals for children, greater developments grew'. D.Fraser This suggests that... 'Much of the State’s activity in connection with children ... was resented by parents as an infringement of their role.' This suggests that...

Young Song Challenge Song 1 Song 2 Song 3 Song 4 Song 5

Section 2 - The Elderly

What actions did the Liberal government take? What evidence is there that these reforms were successful? What arguments can be made to dispute the success of the Liberal reforms in regards to the old? p129-130 p58-59 p100 p61-62

Old Age Pensions Act 1908, Available to those over 70, 5s for singles, 7s 6d for couples, Entitlement stopped once your weekly income exceeded 12s, Collected at the Post Office. Pensions Positive - Hugely popular as it prevented the elderly from having to go to the poorhouse. It also relieved the strain on families who had to care for elderly relatives, and helped 970,000 people by 1914. Negative - The 5s payout was 2s below Rowntree's poverty line, and so a pension alone was not enough to prevent poverty. Life expectancy was well below the 70 year qualifying age and so many had to endure years of poverty before they could claim the pension or did not live long enough to claim it. Evaluation 'Even these small doles meant life itself for many among the elderly poor'. Roberts. This suggests that... 'Thank goodness for that Lord George'. F.Thompson in Lark Rise. This suggests that... 'The state provided a meagre pension to those over 70'. A.J.P Taylor. This would suggest that...

Old Song Challenge Song 1 Song 2 Song 3 Song 4

Section 3 - The Sick

What problems did the sick face? What actions did the Liberal government take? What evidence is there that these reforms were successful? What arguments can be made to dispute the success of the Liberal reforms in regards to the sick? p130-131 p59-61 p102-103

National Insurance Act Part 1 (1911), workers earning <£160 were entitled to 26 weeks of payments (10s for 13 weeks, then 5s for the next 13), free medicine and medical attention was provided for insured workers. Male workers paid 4d per week, employers 3d and the government 2d. Lloyd George claimed this entitled the worker to 'nine pence for four pence'. Legislation Positive - The government were now stepping in to provide an income for workers who suffered from ill-health. The payments could prevent families from falling in to poverty. As it was an insurance scheme, workers felt that they had contributed and were not receiving handouts. Negative - Workers who earned more than £160 were not covered, nor were the families of workers who qualified. The Act also failed to cover workers who suffered from long term sickness, nor did it provide long-term medical treatment. Furthermore some workers resented having to pay money each week, regarding it as a pay cut. Pearce and Stewart; 'The single most important piece of social legislation of the 20th century'. This suggests that...

Section 4 - The Unemployed

The Unemployed What actions did the Liberal government take? What evidence is there that these reforms were successful? What arguments can be made to dispute the success of the Liberal reforms in regards to the unemployed? p131-132 p61-62 p100-102

Legislation National Insurance Act Part 2 (1911), unemployed workers in 7 trades (e.g. shipbuilding) were entitled to 7s per week for a maximum of 15 weeks per year. Labour Exchanges were established. These were like job centres, where employers posted details about job vacancies, and those looking for work could register their skills and experience. Positive - 2.3 million workers in industries where work tended to fluctuate were now protected from seasonal unemployment. The Labour exchanges were far more efficient than workers simply queuing at factory gates, and by 1914, 3000 workers per day were being hired through Labour Exchanges. Negative - The Act only covered those employed in certain trades, and so many were not protected by the legislation. In addition, the benefit stopped after 15 weeks and so long-term unemployment remained a problem. Jobs offered in Labour Exchanges tended to be low-paid, and so it has been argued that they were used by employers to exploit cheap labour.

Section 5 - The Low-Paid What problems were faced by workers? What actions did the Liberal government take? What evidence is there that these reforms were successful? What arguments can be made to dispute the success of the Liberal reforms in regards to the employed? p132 p62

Legislation Workmen's Compensation Act 1906. Employers had to pay compensation to workers injured at work or who contracted illnesses because of their working conditions. Coal Mines Act 1908. Gave miners an 8 hour working day. Trade Boards Act 1909. Boards were established to negotiate minimum wage levels in 'sweated' trades e.g. tailoring. Shops Act 1911. Shop workers were given a half day off per week and reasonable meal breaks. Positive - For the first time, the government was becoming involved in the marketplace to impose minimum standards. This was a break from laissez faire and the foundation on which further reforms could be built. Negative - The legislation only covered certain workers in certain industries. It was not comprehensive and many workers were left without adequate levels of protection.

Evaluation +

Conclusion

Essay Title How successfully did the Liberal Government 1906-1914 deal with the problem of poverty?

Attachments The Victorian Workhouse.mp4