(Harvard’s gorgeous animation of a cell contents doing their thing) Inner Life of the Cell (Harvard’s gorgeous animation of a cell contents doing their thing) 3D Interactive cell Utah cell

The nucleus The nuclear envelope Nuclear pores Nucleoplasm Chromatin The nucleolus The nucleus: Acts as the control centre of the cell through the production of mRNA and protein synthesis Retains the genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA / chromosomes. Nucleolus..Manufacture rRNA and ribosomes Start the process of cell division.

Chloroplasts Role in photosynthesis. The chloroplast envelope The stroma The grana Starch grains

The mitochondrion Double membrane Cristae (stalked elementary particles) The matrix (Krebs cycle)

Endoplasmic reticulum RER SER Cisternae

Ribosomes Found in all cells. Role in protein synthesis 80S type = eukaryotic cells 70S type = prokaryotic cells Composed of proteins and RNA 2 sub-units. One large and one small.

Golgi apparatus Similar to SER in structure. Flattened stacks of cisternae. Modifies proteins from E.R. Labels them with receptors, which directs them to their correct destination. Modified protein transported in vesicles Surface view

Lysosomes Formed when vesicles produced from the golgi apparatus include within them enzymes (e.g. Proteases, lipases) Up to 1.0 μm in diameter Isolate potentially harmful enzymes from rest of cell.

Cilia Threads which extend from cell surface. 3-4 μm long, could be up to 10 μm. they are 0.2 μm in diameter. Basal body embedded in cytoplasm Basal body contains 9 sets of 3 microtubules.

Centrioles Found in almost all animal cells. NOT in plant cells 0.5 μm in length and 0.2 μm in diameter. Internal structure = 9 sets of 3 microtubules 2 in each cell. Lie at right angles to one another near the nucleus

Cellulose Cell Wall Made of cellulose ( a polysaccharide) Several layers. Permeable Flexible Provides strength and support Pores filled with cytoplasm between adjacent cells called plasmadesmata allow movement of materials between cells

Comparing plant and animal cells No cell wall No chloroplasts Vacuoles if present – small and scattered. Cytoplasm present throughout the cell Nucleus anywhere in cell, but often central. Centrioles present Cilia or undulipodia often present Glycogen granules used for storage Plant cells Cell wall with pits and plasmodesmata. Chloroplasts present Large single vacuole. Cytoplasm – thin layer confined to edge of cell. Nucleus at edge of cell No centrioles in higher plants No cilia or undulipodia in higher plants. Starch grains used for storage

Identifying cell organelles

Plenary activity: Complete short answer questions on cell organelles. Complete Q3 from Q booklet Homework: Q1 part (a) only & Q4 all parts. Due: Next lesson.